RATIO DECIDENDI AND OBITER DICTUM The decision or judgement of a judge may fall into two parts: the ratio decidendi (reason for the decision) and obiter dictum (something said by the way). RATIO DECIDENDI - The ratio decidendi of a case is the principle of law on which a decision is based. When a judge delivers judgement in a case he outlines the facts which he finds have been proved on the evidence. Then he applies the law to those facts and arrives at a decision‚ for which he gives the reason
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Ratio decidendi and obiter dicta Learning objectives At the end of this module‚ you will be able to: * distinguish between ratio decidendi and obiter dicta. * apply well-established rules to identify the ratio decidendi in a decision. This module is intended as a useful exercise in revision. If you are certain that you understand how to discover the ratio in an opinion‚ you should skim lightly over this material. What is the ratio decidendi? As you probably recall from your studies
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DETERMINING RATIO DECIDENDI – EFFICACY OF WAMBAUGH’S TEST I. INTRODUCTION Judicial precedents are an important sources of law. They are the former judgements of the superior courts which the judges in common law countries are bound to follow. This bindingness of previous decisions on the lower courts is partly due to high status which the judges enjoyed in England and also partly because of the importance of the issues which they decided. Judicial decisions were given a high authority as
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CNBC Investopedia. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/currentratio.asp Investopedia Investopedia. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/returnonequity.asp#axzz28ZHmfXpq Investopedia. (2012). Price-earnings ratio. Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/price-earningsratio.asp Investopedia Investopedia. (2012) Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/earnings-power.asp#axzz28ZHmfXpq Investopedia. (2012) Retrieved from http://www.investopedia
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Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis is basically used to understanding the financial health of a business entity. With the help of ratios we can easily calculate from current year performance of the companies and are then compared to previous years. Ratio analysis conducts a quantitative analysis of information in a company’s financial statements. These Ratios are most commonly used in banking sector can be divided into five main categories Liquidity Ratios Leverage Ratios Profitability Ratios Activity
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Current Ratio Interpretation From the calculation of the current ratio it is evident that the company’s current ratio for the year 2010 is 1.30:1 ‚2011 is 1.80:1‚ 2012 is 1.54:1 and 2013 is a 1‚53:1‚ that is company’s current assets in year 2013 was Rs. 1.53 for every 1Re of current liability‚ while in the year 2012 the current asset was Rs 1.54 Re of its current liability‚ while in the year 2011 the current assets was Rs 1.80 Re of its current liability‚ and while in the year 2010 the
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Ratio Analysis Memo July 9‚ 2012 Memo To: From: Date: July 9‚ 2012 RE: Kudler Fine Foods ratio analysis One of the things that we will be going over is some of the ratios for Kudler Fine Foods through Liquidity‚ Profitability‚ and solvency ratios. We will look into some of the finding that were found through these ratios and discuss them. One of the things that we found was where Kudler Fine Foods’ position is with these ratios. The first area that we look at is profitability
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Current Ratio 2012 (‘000) 2013 (‘000) (Current Asset)/(Current Liabilities) (Current Asset )/( Current Liabilities) = (RM 308‚510)/RM161‚786 = RM337‚728/(RM 222‚768) = 1.91 : 1 = 1.52 : 1 The table above shows that Dutch Lady has a decreased
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Liquidity Ratios: Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities Efficiency Ratios Asset Turnover Ratio = Sales Revenue/ (Fixed Assets + Current Assets) Profitability Ratios Net Profit Margin = (Net Profit x 100) /Sales Revenue Return on Capital Employed = Net Profit (Operating Profit) x 100 (ROCE) Capital Employed Solvency Ratios Gearing Ratio = Total Liabilities/Shareholders Equity Investment Ratios Earnings per Share
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Ratio analysis Debt ratio Debt ratio (2006-2007) = Total liabilities / Total assets = 10‚170/12‚064 = 0.84 Debt ratio (2007-2008) = 9‚210/11‚769 = Debt ratio (2008-2009) = 10‚003/11‚229 = Debt ratio (2009-2010) = 11‚043/12‚537 = Current ratio Current ratio (2006-2007) = Current assets / Current liabilities = 3‚424/4‚790 = 0.71 Current ratio (2007-2008) = 2‚164/4‚498 = Current ratio (2008-2009) = 1‚326/5‚389 = Current ratio (2009-2010) = 2‚697/6‚085 = Return on sales (ROS) Return on Sales
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