Consistency between models[edit] Main article: Nuclear structure[->0] As with the case of superfluid[->1] liquid helium[->2]‚ atomic nuclei are an example of a state in which both (1) "ordinary" particle physical rules for volume and (2) non-intuitive quantum mechanical rules for a wave-like nature apply. In superfluid helium‚ the helium atoms have volume‚ and essentially "touch" each other‚ yet at the same time exhibit strange bulk properties‚ consistent with a Bose–Einstein condensation[->3]. The latter
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scientific qualities. Using quantum ideas due to Planck and Einstein‚ Bohr conjectured that an atom could exist only in a discrete set of stable energy states. Bohr won the Nobel piece prize for his theory of atomic structures. According to Microsoft Encarta His work drew on Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom‚ in which the atom is seen as a compact nucleus surrounded by a swarm of much lighter electrons. He thought that electrons are arranged in definite shells‚ or quantum levels‚ at a big distance
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first theory of physics that tries to explain everything. What does it mean to explain everything? We would know how the universe began and where it is going. Quantum gravity Modern physics has two basic scientific laws: quantum physics and general relativity. These two scientific laws represent radically different fields of study. " Quantum physics studies the very smallest objects in nature‚ while relativity tends to study nature on the scale of planets‚ galaxies‚ and the universe as a whole." (http://www
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Dynamics of electron packets and photocounts Vladimir Bykov* and Valentin Turin** *General Physics Institute‚ Russian Academy of Sciences‚ ul. Vaviova 38‚ Moscow‚ 1 17942 Russia‚ v.p.bykov@mtu-net.ru **Moscow Institute ofPhysics and Technology‚ voturin@pop3.mipt.rn ABSTRACT An alternative approach to the theory ofphotocounts is discussed. Mechanism of sharpening of electronic distribution at the expansion of many-electron packets is investigated. Arising of such inhomogeneities initiates
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Introduction Fluorescence is a type of photoluminescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence occurs when a photon is emitted from a molecule as it moves from a higher excited state to a lower excited state with in the same spin. A molecule normally is in its ground state energy. When a light source puts off an electromagnetic energy‚ the molecule can move to a higher more excited energy. When the molecule transitions down in energy‚ it usually is released as heat. Conversely‚ if the molecule is subject to
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Rydberg constant for hydrogen using Rydberg’s formula: where λ is the wavelength‚ n1 and n2 are integers such that n1 > n2‚ and RH is the Rydberg constant for hydrogen. No one understood why these formulas worked until Neils Bohr created the first quantum model for the binding energy of the electrons in a hydrogen atom.: where k = 8.988 x 109 Nm2/C2‚ and aB is the Bohr radius. The observed light is produced by photon emission when an electron changes energy levels. This change in energy can be shown
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Biography: The Dignified Professor‚ Richard Feynman a notable XXXXXX. He was born in New York City on May 11‚ 1918. His education journey includes studies of Physics at well – distinguished universities‚ Massachusetts Institute of Technology‚ and Princeton University. As a doctoral graduate‚ he was privileged to work on atomic bomb projects at Princeton and a secret government location in Los Alamos‚ New Mexico. As a young adult‚ his leadership abilities were evident positioning him to manage a
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they’re called black holes. The boundary past which there is supposedly no return is known as the event horizon. In this conception‚ all information about anything that ventures past a black hole’s event horizon is destroyed. On the other hand‚ quantum physics‚ the best description so far of how the universe behaves on a subatomic level‚ suggests that information cannot ever be destroyed‚ leading to a fundamental conflict in theory. No Event Horizons Now Hawking is suggesting a resolution
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properties where determined by the number of electrons in the outer orbit and third‚ electrons can jump from a higher to a lower orbit emitting a photon of discrete energy. The Niels Bohr model of the atomic structure became the basis for all future quantum theories. It remains a quintessential part of the modern day understanding of the atomic structure. His work later earned him a Nobel prize in 1922. In 1960‚ Bohr returned to Copenhagen to work as a professor at the University of Copenhagen. Four
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dense center of protons and neutrons. c) Bohr Model The Bohr model shows the atom containing a small‚ positively charged nucleus‚ surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus. The model was proposed by Niels Bohr as a quantum physical interpretation of the Rutherford model. Bohr noticed that the Rutherford model predicted that all atoms are unstable‚ as electrons would lose energy‚ causing it to collide with the nucleus. Bohr states that all electrons can orbit in predefined
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