subdisciplines and their implications in other fields‚ and examine many ways psychology has contributed to society. Unification There does exist some discourse regarding the unification of this diverse field. Some early theoretical psychologists and modern experts have criticized the missing unity of psychology (Darity‚ 2008). In the early twentieth century‚ there was a movement to unify major concepts in psychology such as psychoanalysis‚ behaviorism‚ Gestalt psychology‚ and structuralism
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Carl Rogers is one of the pre-eminent psychologist of the twentieth century‚ founder of the client cantered approach to therapy he was able to break with conventions of his time and create new approaches. The work of Rogers was recognised in 1956 when he received the American Psychological Association ’s Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions (Faber‚ 1998). In a 2002 study‚ which used a qualitative approach to examine the work of different psychologists of the twentieth century using a range
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Students gain strong benefits when their teachers and Learning Coaches recognize their strengths and weaknesses as learners. Howard Gardner‚ a psychologist and professor of neuroscience at Harvard‚ developed one theory in 1983. Gardner defines “intelligence” not as an IQ but‚ rather‚ as the skills that enable anyone to gain new knowledge and solve problems. Gardner proposed that there are several different types of intelligences‚ or learning styles. 1. Verbal-Linguistic (Word Smart) – People who
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1. Rosenburg N‚ Jolicoeur P: Retroviral pathogenesis. In In Retroviruses. Edited by Coffin JM‚ Hughes SH‚ Varmus HE. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1997::475-586. 2. Nowinski RC‚ Hays EF: Oncogenicity of AKR endogenous leukemia viruses. J Virol 1978‚ 27:13-18. PubMed Abstract | PubMed Central Full Text 3. Cloyd MW‚ Hartley JW‚ Rowe WP: Lymphomagenicity of recombinant mink cell focus-inducing murine leukemia viruses. J Exp Med 1980‚ 151:542-552. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 4
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Important examples of such theories‚ mostly based on data collected from paper-and-pencil tests are: the Standford-Binet and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both for adults and children). Using data from such tests‚ psychologists developed different theories. The British psychologist Charles E. Spearman (1863-1945) suggested two major forms of intelligence: a general intelligence (g) and specific intelligence (s). L. L. Thurstone (1887-1955) considered Spearman’s g-intelligence as statistical artefact
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edu/docs/available/etd-04092008-223420/unrestricted/charlesdiss.pdf Conner‚ A Frontline. (2008). A Brief History of the SAT. [Online]. Retrieved on 29 September 2008 from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sats/where/history.html Foster‚ R Gardner‚ W. (2008). Lessons From Finland: The Way to Education Excellence. [Online]. Retrieved on 23 September 2008 from http://www.commondreams.org/archive/2008/02/27/7330 Grabmeier‚ J Haugh‚ O. The Standardized Test: To Be or Not to Be. The English Journal
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from Hofstede ’s ecolOgical analysis-A 20-year odyssey: Comment on Oyserman et al Brewer‚ M. B.‚ & Chen‚ Y.-R. (2007). Where (who) are collectives in collectivism? Toward conceptual clarification of individualism and collectivism Brewer‚ M. B.‚ & Gardner‚ W. (1996). Who is this "we"? Levels of collective identity and self representations Briley‚ D. A.‚ & Aaker‚ J. L. (2006). When does culture matter? Effects of personal knowledge on the correction of culture-based judgments. Journal of Marketing Research
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LEARNING THEORIES - COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORIES CHAPTER l CHAPTER 5 Learning Theories - Cognitive Learning Theories 5 LE ARNI NG OUTCOMES After studying this chapter‚ you should be able to: 1. Explain what is cognitive revolution and the cognitive perspective on learning and how it differs from other theoretical perspective; 2. Discuss the origins of the contemporary cognitive perspective including the Gestalt psychology and the role of perception; 3. Describe
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it is possible for human beings to modify such processes to achieve different ways of feeling and behaving. REBT is one of a number of therapies that come under the heading ‘cognitive-behavioural’. In the mid-1950’s Dr. Albert Ellis‚ a clinical psychologist trained in psychoanalysis‚ became disillusioned with the slow progress of his clients. He observed that they tended to get better when they changed their ways of thinking about themselves‚ their problems‚ and the world. Ellis reasoned that therapy
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Multiple Intelligences Theory posits that there are seven ways people understand in the world‚ described by Gardner as seven intelligences.Developed by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner in 1983 and subsequently refined‚ this theory states there are at least seven ways (“intelligences”) that people understand and perceive the world. The first theory is called Linguistic. It is the ability to use spoken or written words. The second theory is called Logical-Mathematical. It is inductive and deductive
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