Also published by Mendelssohn was the " Philosophical Conversations " in 1755. Between the years 1756 and 1759‚ Mendelssohn became known as the " leading spirit of the Bibiothek " and ran some risk by freely criticizing the poems of the king of Prussia. In 1762 he won the prize offered by the Berlin academy for an essay on the application of mathematical proofs to metaphysics. On October 1763‚ the King granted Mendelssohn the privilege of Protected Jew (Schutz - Jude)‚ which assured his right
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Margarita Arnold HIS 112-100M Critical Essay #1 The three fundamental principles of the Enlightenment listed in the text of Traditions and Encounters are popular sovereignty‚ individual freedom‚ and political and legal equality. According to Gombrich‚ the author of the A Little History of the World‚ the three fundamental principles of the Enlightenment are tolerance‚ reason‚ and humanity. Traditions and Encounters describes popular sovereignty as a “contract between the rulers and the ruled”
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From 1794 to 1799 France had a democracy‚ but it was unsuccessful and no one was really in charge. During this time‚ France was also at war with Austria and Prussia. Napoleon Bonaparte was a famous general who had many great military successes against Austria and Prussia. In a Coup d’etat Napoleon crowned himself emperor of France in 1802‚ and was able to provide security and basic needs to the people of France. Napoleon was the Son of the Revolution because he tried to defeat tyrants who enslaved
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The Revolutions of 1848 were revolts against the monarchies and/or governments of many European countries. Countries‚ such as: France‚ England‚ Austria‚ Prussia‚ Russia‚ etc.‚ were involved in these revolts. This era began in 1815 with the Congress of Vienna. This was an agreement between the countries to restore the boundaries that France had before the Napoleonic Era that was from 1789 to 1815 and to balance the power of the nations to keep any revolts from occurring. The changes created by the
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done you just need these two components. This seemed to be effective policy‚ because Bismarck initiated three wars and defeated and lead the way with this policy‚ and even the Austro-Prussia war only lasting seven weeks until Germany defeated Austria. As well defeating Denmark in 1866 and France in the France-Prussia war. Bismarck policies and way of leading with an iron fist was best for Germany as they became a strong nation and a force to be reckoned with. In the case of the Ottomans it was
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ITALIAN UNIFICATION 4 PARTS OF ITALY Kingdom of the Two Sicilies—ruled by the French Papal States—governed by the Pope Northern Italian States—controlled by Austria Kingdom of Sardinia/Piedmont—ruled by King Victor Emmanuel A •Kingdom of the Two Sicilies—ruled by the French A KV A •Papal States— governed by the Pope P F KV F •Northern Italian States—controlled by Austria •Kingdom of Sardinia/Piedmont— ruled by King Victor Emmanuel Italian term for the movement of unification Risorgimento—nationalist
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sassy this quote makes him appear‚ Kirchhoff lived a quiet life (aside from his incredible scientific contributions‚ of course). Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was born on March 12‚ 1824 to Friedrich and Johanna Henriette Kirchoff. Born in Königsberg‚ Prussia (which is now known as Kaliningrad‚ Russia)‚ Kirchhoff was raised in a well-respected family that was a part of the thriving intellectual community. His parent’s
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of Poland‚ South of Germany and North East of Italy were under Austrian Habsburg dynasty. It was all called Hungary and it had two regions- Galicia and Transylvania. The only country in East Europe that was free from Ottoman Empire and Hungary was Prussia who had its few possessions in Germany. Apennine and Iberian Peninsula had many small countries. In the Apennine there were Cisalpine Republic‚ Piedmont‚ Ligurian Republic‚ and on Iberian Peninsula there were Tuscany‚ Papal States and Naples‚ which
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Chapter 17 - The Age of Absolutism. (1550-1800). (1) Extending Spanish Power. (2) France Under Louis XIV. (3) Triumph of Parliament in England. (4) Rise of Austria and Prussia. (5) Absolute Monarchy in Russia. (1) Extending Spanish Power. Setting the Scene. 1500s-1700s. Monarchs get powerful. Build royal army to replace nobles’ army. Take new lands and expand government. Lay foundation for nations of Europe today. Serious-minded King Philip II of Spain was member of Hapsburg dynasty. The Hapsburg
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Fearing that they would lose power‚ many European countries worked together to crush the French Revolution to lower the possibility of uprisings in their own countries. Austria and Prussia were highly alarmed with the dethroning of the French monarchy‚ prompting them to urge the French to restore Louis XVI to power. As a result‚ the Legislative Assembly declared war on the allies. During Napoleon’s rule‚ Britain‚ Russia‚ Austria‚ and
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