The Small Enlightenment in Prussia and German States The Enlightenment was an expansive intellectual‚ philosophical‚ cultural‚ and social movement that spread throughout much of Europe during the 1700s. The Enlightenment was largely made possible by the Scientific Revolution which began in the 1500s and represented the biggest departure from The Middle Ages. After millenniums of obedience to the Church people started to break away from a long spell of ignorance and began to question ideas relating
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victors (mainly the alliance of Russia‚ Austria‚ Prussia‚ and Great Britain) restored the French boundaries of 1792 and the Bourbon dynasty. 2. They made other changes in the boundaries of Europe‚ establishing Prussia as a "sentinel" against France‚ and created a new kingdom out of Belgium and Holland. 3. It was believed that the concept of the balance of power--an international equilibrium of political and military forces--would preserve peace in Europe. 4. But the demands of the victors‚ especially
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How accurate is it that King Fredrick William IV of Prussia was responsible for the failure of the Frankfurt parliament? The Frankfurt Assembly came as a result of the political unrest in Prussia and the German states during 1848. Both liberals and radicals were dissatisfied with the lack of freedom that the government offered them. The assembly in Frankfurt was a gathering of elected representatives from Prussia‚ Austria‚ and all the Germanic states to discuss the creation of a unified Germany
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on in their efforts in unifying Germany politically. However‚ it is not clear whether it could have achieved German unity without the contribution of other factors‚ influenced by Bismarck. For example‚ Zollverein members sided with Austria against Prussia. Furthermore‚ the ruling classʼ main motivation for the support of the Zollverein was winning the middle classes from revolutionary activity‚ making political unity unnecessary. Bismarck should therefore receive credit at least for overcoming this
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Compare and Contrast nation building in the United States‚ Italy‚ and Germany in the 19th century. The fall of Napoleon in the early 19th century had awoken a spirit of nationalism and sparked the unification of many countries around the world. The Congress of Vienna restored territories conquered by Napoleon‚ but it distributed land in ways that methodically kept certain territorial areas from uniting to form large‚ possibly powerful countries. Nonetheless‚ people across Europe fought for unification
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enabled it to become one of two states powerful enough to bring about the unification of Germany. By 1834‚ Prussia had established the zollverein‚ a German customs union that eliminated tolls on rivers and rivers‚ thus stimulating trade and adding prosperity to member states. Likewise‚ due to Bismarck’s taxation used to reorganize the military‚ regardless of Parliament’s opposition‚ this enabled Prussia to hold a strong military force‚ competent to defeat future rival European powers. Economic prosperity
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1. Why did the decline of the Ottoman Empire increase tensions among the European powers? The decline of the Ottoman Empire opened new opportunities for the European powers‚ in which the powers took interest into arising opportunities the fall may offer. For instance‚ Russia would be able to expand its influence due to its close proximity with the Ottoman Empire and religious relations with the Greek Orthodox Christians. However‚ this persisting opportunity for Russia led to tensions and fear in
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Rhineland was demilitarized; that is‚ no German military forces were allowed there. In the east‚ Poland received parts of West Prussia and Silesia from Germany. In addition‚ Czechoslovakia received the Hultschin district from Germany; the largely German city of Danzig became a free city under the protection of the League of Nations; and Memel‚ a small strip of territory in East Prussia along the Baltic Sea‚ was ultimately placed under Lithuanian control. In total‚ Germany forfeited 13 percent of its European
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Napoleon’s duchy of Warsaw became Kingdom of Poland and the tsar of Russia as the king. Prussia gained territory in Saxony and left bank of Rhine Austria claimed the Italian provinces of Lombardy and Venetia and the Dalmatian coast Metternich wanted to contain French aggression while maintaining France’s great power states Metternich > Austria; Castlereagh > Great Britain; Nesselrode > Russia; Hardenberg > Prussia; Tallerand> France Negotiated the Treaty of Paris Metternich led the Congress. France
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influential pressure group activity and universal suffrage- were present. It can however be argued that this period also represented a time in which the German Reichstag did not truly represent the population due to old and corrupt voting system for Prussia which saw votes unfairly given and the role of all the chancellors- in particular Von Bulow- during this time‚ which saw unelected officials yielding greater influence than that of the Reichstag. Germany was a parliamentary democracy due to the many
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