with a non-metal substance it forms covalent bonds‚ which make molecules. The metal becomes positively charged atoms‚ which means that the number of electrons is never less than the number of protons. Non-metals become negatively charged atoms‚ and now the number of electrons is more than the number of protons. When atoms share electrons of nonmetals then a covalent bond is formed inside the molecule. Monatomic elements are elements that only contain one type of atom. An example of this would be the
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Atoms are made up of three particles: protons‚ neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are heavier than electrons and reside in the center of the atom‚ called the nucleus. And the electrons can be found orbiting around the atoms outer shell. Atomic number = to the number of protons found in the nucleus. Atomic weight = the total mass of protons and neutrons in an atom. 3. Valence: Is the number of free electrons in an atoms outer shell
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Question 2.1: (i) Calculate the number of electrons which will together weigh one gram. (ii) Calculate the mass and charge of one mole of electrons. * ------------------------------------------------- Answer (i) Mass of one electron = 9.10939 × 10–31 kg Number of electrons that weigh 9.10939 × 10–31 kg = 1 Number of electrons that will weigh 1 g = (1 × 10–3 kg) = 0.1098 × 10–3 + 31 = 0.1098 × 1028 = 1.098 × 1027 (ii) Mass of one electron = 9.10939 × 10–31 kg Mass of one mole of
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Nuclear Power Debate Year 11 Physics Gurjyot Singh Australia currently has no nuclear facilities generating electricity‚ which is forcing the Australian Government to look towards nuclear energy as a great alternative. Nuclear energy is a growing controversial topic in Australia; because the demands of utilizing electricity are increasing rapidly. According to a recent study‚ Australia has 23% of the world’s uranium deposits and is the second largest producer of uranium
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Chemiosmosis. Chemiosmosis‚ by definition‚ is the diffusion of ions through a partially/selectively permeable membrane (down an electrochemical gradient). It is specifically refers to the flow of protons through the inner mitochondrial membrane. The main theory behind chemiosmosis is call Chemiosmosis theory‚ and was developed by Peter Mitchel in 1961. Here is a brief outline of the theory (now pretty much accepted as fact): Throughout respiration carrier molecules (NAD and FAD) are produced‚
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the potential energy of the electron is used by enzymes to pump hydrogen atoms inside the membrane. This creates a proton gradient. The proton gradient is caused by a higher concentration of protons inside the membrane than outside. This proton gradient is then used to add a phosphate onto ADP‚ turning it into ATP. The net effect of this process is to store the energy of the proton gradient in
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to its ability or tendency to lose a proton. There are very few strong acids. A strong acid is one that completely ionizes in water. In contrast a weak acid only partially dissociates. Examples of strong acids are hydrochloric acid (HCl)‚ hydroiodic acid (HI)‚ hydrobromic acid (HBr)‚ perchloric acid (HClO4)‚ nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). In water each of these essentially ionizes 100%. The stronger an acid is‚ the more easily it loses a proton‚ H+. Two key factors that contribute
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Atlantic (at least when referring to modern theories) truly discovered America is ridiculous‚ I believe that the first to do so was Leif Eriksson and his group of Vikings whose settlement was found in Canada. According to the Greenlander saga and the Eric saga‚ his father‚ Eric the Red‚ a Viking outlaw‚ discovered Greenland. In order to establish himself as a man separate from his father‚ Leif sailed to the west in order to discover his own land. He sailed west because there had been a rumor in
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*PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE* Brief Introduction * Peptic Ulcer is a break in the gastric or duodenal mucosa that arises when the normal mucosal defensive factors are impaired or are overwhelmed by aggressive luminal factors such as acid and pepsin. * Ulcers extend through the musvularis mucosae and are usually over 5 mm in diameter. * In the United States‚ there are about 500‚000 new cases per year of peptic ulcer and 4 million ulcer recurrences; the lifetime prevalence of ulcers in the adult
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Student ID: 21876729 Exam: 007525RR - METHODS‚ MAPPING‚ AND THE COMPOSITION When you have completed your exam and reviewed your answers‚ click Submit Exam. Answers will not be recorded until you hit Submit Exam. If you need to exit before completing the exam‚ click Cancel Exam. Questions 1 to 20: Select the best answer to each question. Note that a question and its answers may be split across a page break‚ so be sure that you have seen the entire question and all the answers before choosing an
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