straight into the bloodstream (HIV‚ AIDS) The body’s natural defence includes: The skin o Body has a natural flora of bacteria keeping the pH levels low‚ o Sweat and oil is antiseptic o Blood clots by soluble blood protein fibrinogen is converted into an insoluble fibrous protein – fibrin‚ which creates a mesh for platelets to stick onto o White blood cells are attracted to open areas‚ to prevent infection Gas Exchange System: o Mucus lines the passageways trapping invading pathogens o These
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the food (including carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ fats‚ vitamins‚ and minerals) pass through channels in the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream. The blood works to distribute these nutrients to the rest of the body. The waste parts of food that the body can’t use are passed out of the body as feces. Every morsel of food we eat has to be broken down into nutrients that can be absorbed by the body‚ which is why it takes hours to fully digest food. In humans‚ protein must be broken down into amino acids
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- regulates fluidity of membrane 2. proteins interspersed throughout the membrane a. functions of membrane proteins i. receptors - hormones‚ neurotransmitters ii. enzymes - reactions in & out of cell iii. transport - ions and molecules b. integral proteins - inserted into the bilayer i. transmembrane - across entire bilayer c. peripheral proteins - on inner & outer surface d. glycoproteins - carbohydrates
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and Biotransformation Redesigning existing enzymes by protein engineering Metabolic engineering for multistep biotransformation Cyanide Biotransformation Redesigning existing enzymes by protein engineering WHAT IS PROTEIN ENGINEERING??? It is a process of developing useful or valuable proteins which involves * Modification of existing enzymes * Production of new enzymes In other words‚ the design and construction of new proteins or enzymes with novel or desired functions‚ through the
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all of these 3. The nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA is adenine cytosine guanine uracil thymine 4. Transcription occurs on the surface of the ribosome is the final process in the assembly of a protein is the synthesis of any type of RNA from a DNA template
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through living systems. i. Endergonic – “inside” input of energy ii. Exergonic – output of energy Central Dogma of Molecular Biology 1. DNA replication – DNA to DNA 2. Transcription – DNA to RNA 3. Translation – RNA to protein 4. Reverse Transcription – RNA to DNA Biochemistry encompasses organic chemistry‚ genetics‚ physiology (study of function)‚ microbiology‚ medical research‚ nutrition‚ biophysics‚ cell biology. Cell Fundamental and Structural unit of all
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Determination of presence of protein in a variety of food substances by the use of Biuret Reagent Biol. 1040 Section 1005 Introduction The human body consumes carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ and proteins each day by eating a variety of foods. These foods are required for energy and human growth. Proteins are a diverse group of macromolecules with many different functions (Mbuthia‚ 2012). Many are structural components of bone‚ muscle‚ hair‚ tissue‚ etc. Others are enzymes that speed up cellular
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analyze what proteins and how much of the protein are in a gel. A western blot is very sensitive to proteins with histidine or HIS tags. Anything that contains histidine will show up in the gel. The western blot is evidence to whether or not if IL-8 is in the gel. The importances of the western blot is to show how well the proteins reacts to a disease. The first step for a western blot is to run an unstained PAGE gel. Western blot uses gel electrophoresis or electrical to arrange the proteins in order
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membrane controls how and what substances can move in and out of the cell/organelle The structure of the membrane is often referred to as the “Fluid Mosaic Model”; this is because of the way it is structured It is composed of phospholipids‚ proteins‚ and carbohydrates‚ which are arranged in a fluid mosaic structure. The phospholipids are arranged in a “bilayer”. With their hydrophilic (water attracting) phosphate heads facing outwards and their hydrophobic (water fearing) tails facing in
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polymerizing the solution? How does the percentage of acrylamide effect the migration of proteins (ex: 4% gel vs. 18% gel)? The percent acrylamide refers to the size of the pores as percent acrylamide increases the size of the pores decreases. 2. Describe the purpose of each loading buffer ingredient added to protein samples for SDS-PAGE analysis (hint- there are 4 ingredients). 3. You purified protein X via affinity chromatography (no diafiltration step performed) and ran an SDS-PAGE gel
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