Ratio decidendi and obiter dicta Learning objectives At the end of this module‚ you will be able to: * distinguish between ratio decidendi and obiter dicta. * apply well-established rules to identify the ratio decidendi in a decision. This module is intended as a useful exercise in revision. If you are certain that you understand how to discover the ratio in an opinion‚ you should skim lightly over this material. What is the ratio decidendi? As you probably recall from your studies
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FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS Based on the table 1‚ it shows that the financial ratio was divided into four parts which are liquidity‚ assets management‚ long-term debt paying ability and profitability. Liquidity ratios are particularly interesting to short-term creditors and it is focus on current assets and current liability. In addition‚ General Thumb of rule for the current ratio should be at least 2:1. For the Gemini Electronic the current ratio is consistent and it is increase in year 2006. But
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IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF TWO YEARS FULL TIME COURSE MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION(MBA) SUBMITTED BY KETAN P. SHETTI (BATCH 2005-07) VISHWAKARMA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT‚ PUNE-48 1 To Whomsoever It May Concern This is to certify that Mr. Shetti Ketan Prakash is a bonafide student of Vishwakarma Institute of Management‚ Pune. He has successfully carried out his summer project titled AN ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS at Kalyani Steels Ltd‚ Pune. in the partial
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2.0 FINANCIAL RATIOS 2 Liquidity Ratios Liquidity ratios measure a business ’ capacity to pay its debts as they come due. It also measures the cooperative’s ability to meet short-term obligations. Liquidity refers to the solvency of the firm’s overall financial position – the ease with which it can pay its bills. Because a common precursor to financial distress and bankruptcy is low or declining liquidity‚ these ratios can provide early signs of cash flow problems and impending
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3 February 17‚ 2013 The article‚ “The Sharpe Ratio and the Information Ratio”‚ by Deborah Kidd is about the original risk-adjusted performance measure and they are Sharpe ratio and the Information Ratio. William Sharpe designed the first performance metric to insolate excess return per unit of total risk taken. The Sharpe ratio shows whether a portfolio ’s returns are due to smart investment decisions or a result of excess risk. The Sharpe ratio measure dividends average portfolio excess return
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Asset efficiency ratio Asset efficiency ratios measure the efficiency with which an entity manage its current and non-current investments‚ and converts its investments decisions into sales dollars. There is a continuously increasing trend of asset turnover ratio for company alpha since 2009‚ from 3.77 times to 4.41 times. In comparison with company alpha‚ company beta shows a relatively slow increasing pattern from 0.90 times to 1.18 times. By contrast‚ it indicates that although both companies’
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A. Debt Management Ratios (Leverage Ratios) The extent to which a firm uses debt financing‚ or financial leverage‚ has three important implications: 1. By raising funds through debt‚ stockholders can maintain control of a firm while limiting their investment 2. Creditors look to the equity‚ or owner-supplied funds‚ to provide a margin of safety‚ so the higher the proportion of the total capital that was provided by stockholders‚ the less the risk faced by creditors 3. If the firm earns more
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Submitted to In partial fulfillment for the course of “Post Graduate Diploma in Management” Under the Supervision of: Submitted By: Prof. PRADEEP VERMA PRASHANT KUMAR Faculty & Guide at AIMT Batch PGDM (2012-14) Roll No. DM1214126 Accurate Institute of Management & Technology‚ Greater Noida
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http://www.investopedia.com/university/ratios/liquidity-measurement/default.asp LIQUIDITY RATIOS: The first ratios we’ll take a look at in this tutorial are the liquidity ratios. Liquidity ratios attempt to measure a company’s ability to pay off its short-term debt obligations. This is done by comparing a company’s most liquid assets (or‚ those that can be easily converted to cash)‚ its short-term liabilities. In general‚ the greater the coverage of liquid assets to short-term liabilities the
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FINANCIAL RATIOS Gross Profit to Sales (Gross Profit Ratio): profitability ratio that shows the relationship between gross profit and total net sales revenue. Gross margin/Net sales The gross margin is not an exact estimate of the company’s pricing strategy but it does give a good indication of financial health. Without an adequate gross margin‚ a company will be unable to pay its operating and other expenses and build for the future. In general‚ a company’s gross profit margin should be stable
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