Financial Statement Analysis Methods: Horizontal vs. Vertical Analysis Introduction Financial statement information is used by both external and internal users‚ including investors‚ creditors‚ managers‚ and executives. These users must analyze the information in order to make business decisions‚ so understanding financial statements is of great importance. Several methods of performing financial statement analysis exist. This article discusses two of these methods: horizontal analysis and vertical
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Vertical integration is the process in which several steps in the production and/or distribution of a product or service are controlled by a single company or entity‚ in order to increase that company’s or entity’s power in the marketplace. Simply said‚ every single product that you can think of has a big life cycle. While you might recognize the product with the Brand name printed on it‚ many companies are involved in developing that product. These companies are necessarily not part of the brand
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Profitability Ratios Profitability Ratios attempt to measure the firm’s success in generating income. These ratios reflect the combined effects of the firm’s asset and debt management. Profit Margin The Profit Margin indicates the dollars in income that the firm earns on each dollar of sales. This ratio is calculated by dividing Net Income by Sales. Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) The Return on Assets Ratio indicates the dollars in income earned by the firm on its assets
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Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios measure two aspects of a corporation’s profits: (1) those elements of operations that contribute to profit and (2) the relationship of profit to total investment and investment by stockholders. The first group of profitability ratios [gross profit (or gross margin) percentage‚ operating margin percentage‚ and net profit margin percentage] expresses income statement elements as percentages of net sales. The second group of profitability ratios (return on
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PROFITABILITY RATIOS One of the most important measures of a company’s success is its profitability. However‚ individual figures shown in the income statement/profit and loss account for gross profit and net profit mean very little by themselves. When these profit figures are expressed as a percentage of sales‚ they are more useful. This percentage can then be compared with those of previous years‚ or with the percentages of other similar companies. Changes in the gross profit percentage ratio
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The Meaning of Vertical and Horizontal Integration Horizontal integration is where an organisation owns two or more companies‚ on the same level of the buying chain. An example of this is the First Choice Group; they own First Choice Travel Agency and First Choice Hypermarket‚ both of which are on the same level of the buying chain. The advantage of horizontal integration is that it can increase the company’s market share. Another
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The vertical analysis for Sprint’s balance sheet shows that over 60% of the company’s assets are held in its wireless licenses with the FCC and property‚ plant and equipment‚ neither of which is readily liquid. Also‚ 54% of the Sprint’s liabilities are long-term debt. These items show the company may be at risk to repay its debt. The horizontal balance sheet analysis for Sprint shows that assets generally increased in 2009 and liabilities overall decreased in 2009. The vertical income statement
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statement and balance sheet. There are certain ratios that can be used to measure profitability and asset utilization. Financial statements allow the business to stop in time so that entrepreneurs and investors alike can measure the fiscal performance of the company. This article looks at vertical analysis as one method of analyzing financial statements. Vertical Analysis of the Financial Statements Vertical analysis compares different categories of the financial statements. The comparison is usually within
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ACCOUNTANTS OF PAKISTAN REPORT ON RATIO ANALYSIS OF M/S RANI LIMITED PREPARED FOR: Board of Directors PREPARED BY: Management Accountant TABLE OF CONTENTS Particulars Executive Summary Introduction Page No. 3-4 5 Financial Position and Ratio Analysis 6 - 10 Suggestions & Conclusion 11 - 12 Appendices Horizontal & Vertical Analysis of Income Statement Comparative Ratios & averages Trend of Ratios & Percentages Graphical Representation
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Financial Accounting vs. Management Accounting Role and Primary Tasks/Services Performed by Management Accountants Accounting is a staff function‚ with management accountants providing information to other managers. Information can relate to: financial statements‚ tax problems‚ dealing with governmental authorities and other matters. The management accountant‚ like other staff managers‚ often recommends courses of action to those using the information. But neither the management accountant
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