CONTRACT LAW – LECTURE 4 Promissory estoppel Is about the enforceability of all alteration promises (promises to pay more and promises to accept less) and by contrast estoppels does not apply to promises about the formation of initial contracts Ex. If a creditor promises to accept a smaller sum in full settlement intending the debtor to rely on that promise‚ and the debtor does rely on it‚ the debtor may have a defence of promissory estoppels when sued for the balance by the creditor. The promise
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Topic 3: Breach in contract 1) Breach of contract: Spanish Contract Law provides a broad notion of breach of contract for any behavior that departs from the specified behavior in the contract in any way (time‚ quality‚ substance‚ etc.) or is not specially justified on legal grounds (actions forbidden by the government are not breaches since they are justified on a legal ground). The general benchmark to determine breach is the contract agreed by the parties themselves‚ and not external notions
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1. Voidable Contract: An agreement which is enforceable by law at the option of one or more of the parties thereto‚ but not at the option of the other or others‚ is a voidable contract. A contract is voidable when one of the parties to the contract has not exercised his free consent. One of the essential elements of a formation of a contract for example‚ free consent‚ is absent. All voidable contracts are those which are induced by coercion fraud or misrepresentation. The person whose consent is
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“India wants to modify the present world order‚ but never overthrow it.” Introduction In the pyramid of world powers in 1947‚ India was perhaps at the rock bottom. However‚ within a short span of three or four decades India had pushed forward its position and became a most developed country among the developing countries. The 21 century is dramatic changes have happened in the shift of global power to start a power distribution in global politics. This 21th century has been a different from
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Contracts Summary DAMAGES – REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT THE INTERESTS PROTECTED Fuller and Perdue‚ “The Reliance Interest in Contract Damages” There are three principle purposes in awarding contract damages: restitution interest – object is the prevention of unjust enrichment by the defaulting promisor at the expense of the promisee reliance interest – object is to put the plaintiff in a good position as he was before the promise was made expectation interest – object is to put the
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"all the world"‚ in which case the offeree is regarded as a member of the general public: Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball When an offer is made‚ the term of the proposed contract must be communicated to the offeree: Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking However‚ an offer can be made in general terms‚ leaving the precise terms of the contract to be settled later: Master v Cameron The fact that the word ’offer’ is used is not itself conclusive: B Seppelt & Sons Ltd v Commissioner for Main Roads An offer
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QUASI-CONTRACTS UNDER INDIAN CONTRACT LAW TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. Introduction 2. Kinds of Quasi-Contracts 3. Basis of Quasi-Contacts 4. Conclusion 5. Bibliography INTRODUCTION: Sections 68 to 72 deals with "certain relations resembling those created by contract" under Indian contract act‚ 1872. It incorporated those obligations which are known as "quasi contracts" under English
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2 MAIN CONTRACT The Employer shall make the Main Contract (other than the details of the Employer’s prices thereunder as stated in the bills of quantities or schedule of rates and prices as the case may be) available for inspection to the Contractor with and‚ if so requested by the Contractor‚ shall provide the Contractor with a certified true copy of the Main Contract (less such details of the Employer’s price)‚ at the cost of the Contractor. The Contractor shall be deemed to have examined the
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Contracts Exam Notes Monika Petrusevska + Kieran Paskin 2012 The 17th day of the 6th month in the 2013th year IS THERE AN AGREEMENT (Satisfy the three elements) Offer and acceptance between more than 2 parties - Clarke v Dunraven May be necessary to look at whole course of dealings - Empirnall Holdings v Machon Was there an offer? – Step 1: Define + State what type of contract Expression to another of willingness to be legally bound by terms – Australian Woollen Mills v Commonwealth
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The Law of Contract Voidable Contract – Coercion The word “contract” can be defined as a voluntary‚ deliberate‚ and legally binding agreement between two or more competent parties. Contracts are usually written but may be spoken or implied‚ and generally have to do with employment‚ sale or lease‚ or tenancy. A contractual relationship is evidenced by an offer‚ acceptance of the offer‚ intention to create legal relations‚ consideration‚ certainty and capacity. However‚ while all parties may expect
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