ON COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RETAINED EARNINGS OF LUPIN v/s WYETH INTRODUCTION Managing a company’s operations‚ marketing and sales activities and expense management are but a few of the decisions that management has to deal with. After it has made a profit the company will then need to decide what to do with those profits. Among the options for using profits are: operations‚ returning cash to shareholders‚ or keeping cash in reserve for future use Retained earnings represent the amount a company
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TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS 8. Closing entries are not needed if the business plans to continue operating in the future and issue financial statements each year. 9. The dividends account is closed to the Income Summary account in order to properly determine net income (or loss) for the period. 10. After closing entries have been journalized and posted‚ all temporary accounts in the ledger should have zero balances. 11. Closing revenue and expense accounts to the
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4-1 4 Income Statement Usefulness Predicting future performance. 4-2 Evaluate past performance. Help assess the risk or uncertainty of achieving future cash flows. Income Statement Limitations Companies omit items that cannot be measured reliably. 4-3 Income is affected by the accounting methods employed. Income measurement involves judgment. Income Statement Quality of Earnings Companies have incentives to manage income to meet or
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There are different ways in how two income statements are prepared. For example: the income statement (also known as P&L) of a merchandising company consists of Revenue‚ Expenses (related to the sales volume through the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) and General & Administrative Expense (G&SA)‚ which all result in Net Income. The income statement of a Service company consists of Service Revenue minus any Expenses related to that service‚ which results in Net Income. Another way to look at it is that
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Income statement The income statement or the profit and loss account as it is also called measures reports how much profit (wealth) has the business generated over a period of time. To measure profit the total generated revenue over a period must be identified. Revenue is a measure of inflow of economic benefits arising from the operations of the business. These benefits will either result in an increase of assets such as cash or amounts owed to the business by the customers or a decrease
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The Income Statement This indicates financial performance over a period of time. It is usually done at the end of a financial year (30th June)‚ but an income statement can be made up at other times‚ e.g.‚ if a business wishes to apply for a loan‚ the bank may ask for a more recent income statement. The other names for this kind of statement are Revenue Statement and Profit and Loss Statement. Income Statement for Ima Mess‚ year ended 30.6.12 |
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Undistributed and retained profit is the main source of internal fund. The average cost rate of different sources of fund is known as cost of capital. Cost of capital is only minimum required rate of return to earn on investment and it is not the actual earning rate of the firm. Retained earnings‚ used as a part of the capital structure of a business firm‚ is that part of the earnings available to common shareholders not paid out as dividends or the earnings plowed back into the firm for growth
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RETAINED EARNINGS CHAPTER 19 DEFINITION: Retained Earnings represents the cumulative balance of: Periodic net income or loss Dividend distribution Prior periodic errors Changes in accounting policy‚ and Other capital adjustments The illustrative statements of financial position and statement of changes in equity in IAS 1 and IAS 8 still maintain the title “retained earnings” 2 KINDS OF RETAINED EARNINGS Unappropriated Appropriated UNAPPROPRIATED RETAINED EARNINGS Represent
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John Tierney Case study 8 11/2/2013 1) As a late mover into the US intercity bus market‚ what advantages and disadvantages does Megabus have? Megabus being a late mover in the US‚ has allowed the company to learn from past mistakes by companies such as Greyhound‚ who filed for bankruptcy in the mid 90’s and who lost most of it’s business due to poorly maintained terminals‚ high prices for fares and unsafe conditions. Megabus’s advantages include fares as lows as 1 dollar‚ free wi-fi
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alicante How to win outside the soccesfield Content The absolute goal of Ciclón de Alicante is to become a major soccer club in Spain. But how? The stadium • Q: What is the impact of the sale of the stadium transaction on Ciclón’s 2003 Income Statement and Statement of Cash Flows (under the Indirect Method)‚ and on its Balance Sheet for the year ended on December 31th‚ 2003? Items to be addressed cash payment of $ 100 million cost of building the new stadium was $ 20 million market value of the land
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