a net attractive force between the atoms ... a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent Bonds Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms‚ in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom. Hydrogen gas forms the simplest covalent bond in the diatomic hydrogen molecule. The halogens such as
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Excerpt from FS Series #1: enabling sub-sovereign bond issuances B3. Case 3: Alternative Financing for Water Utilities — Lessons from a Failed Bond Issue in Indonesia B3a. Background and Environment PUBLIC INVESTMENT IN THE WATER SECTOR HAS BEEN VIRTUALLY ABSENT IN INDONESIA. ACHIEVING INDONESIA’S MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL‚ TO HALVE THE PROPORTION OF PEOPLE WITHOUT SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER AND BASIC SANITATION BY 2015‚ WOULD REQUIRE A TENFOLD ANNUAL INCREASE IN INVESTMENTS
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Chapter 10: Bond Return and Valuation Q. 6. Find out the yield to maturity on a 8 per cent 5 year bond selling at Rs 105? Solution: Yield to Maturity = [pic] = [pic] = [pic] × 100 = [pic] × 100 YTM = 6.82. Q. 7. (a) Determine the present value of the bond with a face value of Rs 1‚000‚ coupon rate of Rs 90‚ a maturity period of 10 years for the expected yield to maturity of 10 per cent. (b) In N is equal to 7 years in
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Covalent Bonds Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons‚ one from each atom in a single bond‚ to form electron pairs‚ usually making their outermost shells up to eight electrons by this means. This would make them more stable‚ less reactive and an electronic structure like a noble gas. They are most frequently formed between pairs of non-metallic elements. Non-metallic elements usually have from four to eight electrons in their outermost shells‚ the so-called valency electrons‚ which
Free Atom Chemical bond Electron
borrowing from the banks‚ issuing stocks or issuing bonds. However‚ when the interest rate of borrowing from banks is very high due to high inflation‚ together with the stock market is quite instable; calling for capital from bond market is much more preferred by investors. In the context of this report‚ some major points regarding the bond market in Vietnam are presented. Firstly‚ a common picture about the Vietnam bond market is drawn. Next come the types of bonds and major participants in this market
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|Ruskin Bond | |[pic] | |Ruskin Bond in a Meet the Author program at Sharjah International Book Fair‚ | |23 November 2011 | |Born |19 May 1934 (age 78) | | |Kasauli‚ Solan Himachal Pradesh‚ India | |Occupation
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Stock exchange A stock exchange is a form of exchange which provides services for stock brokers and traders to trade stocks‚ bonds‚ and other securities. Stock exchanges also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments‚ and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. Securities traded on a stock exchange include shares issued by companies‚ unit trusts‚ derivatives‚ pooled investment products and bonds. To be able to trade a security
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Reading Summary of Common risk factors in stock and bond returns Xin Shi (A13119523) The paper introduces the famous Fama–French three-factor model which is a development of the traditional CAPM model and the findings of the 1992 paper. It believes the theory should be able to explain not only stock but also bond returns. Also this paper uses the method of time-series regression‚ which is quite different from the previous paper. After the development
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Topic: Bonds 6) Sun co.’s bonds‚ maturing in 7 years‚ pay 8% interest on a $1‚000 face value. However‚ interest is paid semi-annually. If your required rate of return is 10%‚ what is the value of the bond? How would your answer change if the interest were paid annually? 7) Sharp Co. bonds are selling in the market for $1‚045. These 15 year bonds pay 7% interest annually on a $1‚000 par value. If they are purchased at the market price‚ what is the expected rate of return? 8) You own a bond that
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1. The security of the bond‚ that is‚ whether the bond has collateral. Effect on the coupon rate of the bond issue: Bond’s with collateral will have lower coupon rate as bondholders have claim on collateral no matter what. Advantage: It provides an asset which lower default risk. Disadvantage: Companies cannot sell this collateral as an asset and need to maintain it. 2. The seniority of the bond Effect on the coupon rate of the bond issue: The more senior the bond‚ the lower the coupon
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