What is LOGIC? * “Logos” (λόϒός) – word‚ reason or principle. * Logic – science and art of correct reasoning. * Systematized * Evokes ORDER. * What does Logic put into order? All men are mammals. All students are men. Therefore all students are mammals. All monkeys eat banana. Diego eats banana. Therefore‚ Diego is a monkey. Formal Logic – concerned with pattern and structure. Material Logic – concerned with truth or correctness. * What logic puts in order
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1. Introduction 2. Basics 3. Subject vs Predicate 4. Classification of statement 5. Standard format: conversion 6. No conclusion Combos 7. Conclusive-Combos 8. DemoQ: Crazy men and Women 9. DemoQ: Intelligent Poets and singers 10. CAT-level DemoQ: Sweet Testing Apples (CAT) DemoQ: Working mother nurses (CAT) DemoQ: 4 questions in 1! 11. Special Conversions 12. Complimentary pairs 13. Tricky Situations: Priority order 14. Tricky Situations: 1-Statement Conclusion 15. Summary Introduction
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CPT114 – LOGIC & APPLICATIONS Academic Session 2014/2015‚ Semester 1 Prolog Assignment 1 WORLD TRAVEL ROUTE FINDING PROGRAM Page Number 1.0 Problem Statement 1 2.0 Prolog Program 2-3 3.0 List of Queries 4-5 4.0 Sample Input – Output 6-8 1.0 Problem Statement This assignment required us to make a prolog program to determine best route to travel from a city to another city using both number of cities pass through along the journey and the shortest distance between the
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IDEAS AND TERMS A. Etymology Greek word‚ ‘eidos’ which means image Our mind contains ideas which are formed through our encounter with reality – with everything knowable through the human mind. Definition IDEA is defined as the representation of the essence of a thing in the mind. Expressed differently‚ an idea is a mental (intellectual) image or a picture of the object of the mind which is the result of comparison‚ reflection or abstraction. Being a representation of the essence of a thing in the
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sides does not mean that a triangle actually exists. He then continues on to declare that the claim “God exists” is either analytic or synthetic‚ if it is analytic then the predicate is contained with the subject‚ if its synthetic the predicate is not contained with the subject‚ the ontological argument assumes the predicate to be within the subject making it an analytic claim‚ this would mean that the statement is only true because of the meaning given to the words. If we were to make the argument
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should be provided by a qualifier to determine the judgement. The use of: “he” as pronoun/subject “is” as verb “intelligent| as predicate Thus the judgment is also the expression of the fact that the subject belongs to the extension of the predicate THE NECESSITY OF MANY JUDGMENTS Judgment does not merely express the comprehension of the subject by means of a predicate but many judgments need an encounter in an act of “knowing”. In the example: “Peter is mortal”‚ “Peter is intelligent” –it showed
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Logic Logic- Greek word ‘logos’ which means thought‚ word‚ speech‚ science. Founded by Aristotle around 384-322 B.C. through his famous philosophical masterpiece “organon” Organon- the universal rational instrument for the acquisition of philosophical knowledge. Logic is about the attainment of truth. It is the art and science of correct thinking. Thus‚ thinking and reasoning. Thinking- it means mental operations or the process of drawing out conclusions from previously known data. Correct Thinking-
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Grammar: Section 2 in writers handbook: A sentence is an independent clause A sentence has a subject and a predicate Ex: The in the classroom found grammar lessons extremely tedious Types of sentences: Declarative: makes a statement → tigers are dangerous Interrogative: asks a question → Are tigers really dangerous? Imperative: gives a command → Be careful when you tickle tigers! Exclamatory: expresses a strong feeling → I love tickling tigers! Basic Sentence Patterns: Subject + Verb
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triangle must have all the prescribed properties as it exists in the mind. Similarly‚ we cannot have mountains without the necessity of having valleys as well. God is defined by Descartes as the ‘supremely perfect being’. A predicate of perfection includes existence. A predicate is a necessary quality which something must possess. So if we accept the definition of God‚ then logically he must exist. Descartes often referred to the Scholastic notion‚ used by medieval scholars such as Aquinas‚ of ‘aseity’
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(N) - A noun is a word that names a person‚ place‚ thing‚ or idea. A pronoun (PN) - A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun or a group of nouns. A verb (HV‚ LV‚ AV) - A verb is a word that expresses action‚ link the subject to predicate‚ or helps the main verb make sense in a sentence. An adjective (ADJ) - An adjective is a word that modifies a verb‚ an adjective‚ or another adverb. Adverbs answer which one‚ what kind‚ how many‚ or how many. An adverb (ADV) - An adverb is
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