38 40 42 42 43 43 46 47 47 2 3 v vi Contents 3.2.2 Axiomatic descriptions 3.2.3 Constraints 3.2.4 Schema definitions 3.2.5 Abbreviation definitions Schema references Declarations 3.4.1 Characteristic tuples Schema texts Expressions Predicates Schema expressions Generics 3.9.1 Generic schemas 3.9.2 Generic constants Free types 3.10.1 Example:
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(Subject-Copula-Predicate). - The copula consists of is‚ are and am for affirmative and is not‚ are not and am not for it’s negative sense all of which are tenseless Ex: Manny Pacquiao boxes (reduced to logical form) Manny Pacquiao is a boxer Jose Rizal wrote the poem “Sa aking mga kababata” (reduced to logical form) Jose Rizal is the poet who composed the poem “ Sa aking mga kababata” CATEGORICAL PROPOSITION- an attributed proposition that haw a subject-predicate relationship
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DEIXIS AND DEFINITENESS I like studying semantics Deictic word I do‚ too Definition Deictic word One which takes some element of its meaning from the situation ( the speaker‚ the addressee‚ the time and the place) of the utterance in which it is used. The general phenomenon of its occurrence is called Deixis If Mary is preparing to travel to the USA ‚ her mother says: “ you should bring warm clothes‚ the weather is cold there .“ Deictic word If
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assertion about that subject. That comment is known grammatically as a predicate. Examples The sections of a sentence used as examples where there are more than one item are formated as noted‚ otherwise examples are italic. In the sentence "He left‚" He is the subject and left is the predicate. A subject can be a word‚ a phrase‚ a clause‚ or a combination. A predicate must always include a verb. Subject (italic) + Predicate (plain text) The boss of the successful new computer company left
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P1: 1/1 CH01-7T P2: 1/2 QC: 1/1 Rosen-2311T T1: 2 MHIA017-Rosen-v5.cls May 13‚ 2011 15:27 1 - 2 (c‚d) - 5 (c) - 7 (b) - 11 - 17 (a‚f) - 23 (d‚e) - 33 1.4 Predicates and Quantifiers (c) 41 (a) - 61 (d) Exercises 1. Let P (x) denote the statement “x ≤ 4.” What are these truth values? a) P (0) b) P (4) c) P (6) 2. Let P (x) be the statement “the word x contains the letter a.” What are these truth values? a) P (orange) b) P (lemon) c) P (true) d) P (false) 3. Let
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Kinds of Sentences According to Structure A sentence may consist of one clause (independent clause) or more clauses (independent and dependent clauses). An independent clause is also called main clause. A dependent clause is also called subordinate clause. On the basis of numbers of clause and types of clauses present in a sentence‚ sentences are divided in to four kinds. Simple Sentence A simple sentence consists of only one independent clause containing a subject and a verb and it expresses
Free Sentence Dependent clause Clause
Kant questions the integrity of the structure of the argument by defining the predicates in a way that makes them unreliable in the argument‚ and the second reason is because the concept of “willing” something into existence does not actually work. Related to the first reason‚ this goes back to the use of predicates in the argument. Predicates that are used in the Ontological Argument are according to Kant not real predicates‚ which means that just being a “being” does not constitute true existence on
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Kant’s criticism of the Ontological Argument Bryan COUNTER Philosophy of religion Dr. Harvey White December 12th‚ 2012.
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problem in the argument lay in it’s claim that existence is it’s predicate‚ Gaunilo argued that there must be something wrong with it even though he could not identify a specific fault. Kant argued that existence cannot be a predicate because it does not add any new information to an understanding of the subject. To say that something exists is not genuinely communicating anything about the subject‚ nor‚ likewise with God. A predicate is a property that the subject can either possess or lack‚
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are true‚ the conclusion must also be true. A SYLLOGISM derives its name from the kinds of propositions composing the syllogism. A SYLLOGISM is called CATEGORICAL if all the propositions composing the syllogism are CATEGORICAL PROPOSITIONS ( the predicate is affirmed or denied of the subject outright without any condition ). Example: All fathers are male parents. No true sportsman is a cheater. A SYLLOGISM is called HYPOTHETICAL if all the propositions
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