Resources‚ Conservation and Recycling 21 (1997) 145–173 Metals recycling: economic and environmental implications Robert U. Ayres * INSEAD‚ Boule6ard de Constance‚ F-77305‚ Fontainebleau‚ France Received 17 July 1997; accepted 27 July 1997 Abstract We are in a period of economic transition. The ‘cowboy economy’ of the past is obsolescent‚ if not obsolete. Environmental services are no longer free goods‚ and this fact is driving major changes. Recycling is the wave of the (immediate) future
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STRENGTHENING OF METALS There are 4 major ways to strengthen metals‚ and all work because they make dislocation motion more difficult. They also reduce the ductility: 1) Cold work (Strain Hardening) 2) Reduce grain size (Strengthening by Grain Size Reduction) 3) Add other elements in solid solution (Solid Solution Strengthening) 4) Add second phase particles (Precipitation or Age Hardening) • These mechanisms may be combined. • For example‚ the world’s strongest structural material (with
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Metal fabrication is the building of metal structures by cutting‚ bending‚ and assembling processes: Cutting is done by sawing‚ shearing‚ or chiseling (all with manual and powered variants); torching with hand-held torches (such as oxy-fuel torches or plasma torches); and via numerical control (CNC) cutters (using a laser‚ mill bits‚ torch‚ or water jet). Bending is done by hammering (manual or powered) or via press brakes and similar tools. Modern metal fabricators utilize press brakes to either
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Corrosion of Metals Introduction Have you ever had a bike that went rusty‚ figure 1? If the paint is scratched and the rust allowed to spread‚ it is very difficult to repair the frame so it looks as good as new again. Rusting costs us millions of pounds each year‚ either through replacing things or through trying to prevent it happening in the first place. Figure 1: Bike rusting. In this booklet you learn about rusting and ways of stopping it‚ followed by a look at another metal‚ aluminium that
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TOPIC 2 Metals The History of Metals * Uses of metals through history: * Copper Age (3200-2300 BCE) – copper and tin were most common metals‚ and were used for ornaments‚ weapons and tools. * Bronze Age (2300-700 BCE) – copper‚ tin and bronze were used for tools‚ weapons and transport. They produced bronze by heating copper and tin with charcoal. * Iron Age (1000 BCE – 1 CE) – iron steel and lead was used for tools‚ weapons and pipes. Iron is much harder than bronze.
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HEAVY METAL MUSIC WHAT IS HEAVY METAL MUSIC? Heavy metal (often referred to simply as metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in between 1968 and 1974 ‚ largely in the United Kingdom and the United States.With roots inblues-rock and psychedelic rock‚ the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick‚ massive sound‚ characterized by highly amplified distortion‚ extended guitar solos‚ emphatic beats‚ and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are generally associated
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I. Title: Reaction of Metals II. Problem: The purpose of the experiment was to determine if and how different metals react to different solutions. III. Hypothesis: IV. Materials: Dropper‚ Beakers‚ wax pencil‚ Goggles‚ eight test tubes‚ a rack for the tubes‚ three strips of Zinc‚ two strips of Copper‚ three strips of Magnesium‚ steel wool‚ Lead nitrate‚ Silver nitrate‚ Copper sulfate‚ Magnesium chloride‚ Zinc chloride‚ Sodium chloride‚ and Potassium. V. Procedure: In tube 1 add five
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ventures to harness this precious metal. As the price of gold rises the value of the dollar decreases and gold will continue to benefit from any type issue that the U.S. market is facing; with the May U.S. job data reporting that fewer jobs were added to the economy than was previously expected‚ this was able to send the price of gold over $1200. This all bodes well for the gold mining industry and other related fields that deals with the supplying or selling of the precious metal. However‚ one must
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Kwabena Asomaning Post Office Box ST 55‚ STC Accra. Ghana T: + 233 26 2 797 443 / + 233 24 4 797 443 E: kwasomaning@gmail.com ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Profile / Key Strengths • Highly skilled in teaching‚ research and personnel training • Skilled in people management • Dynamic and a quick on-the-job learner • Excellent presentation and communication skills • A good team player‚ results oriented and highly innovative Hobbies / Social Life • Dedicated to sports; swimming‚ tennis
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Abstract This report is to highlight the methods‚ results and theory relevant during an engineering experiment called “cold rolling of metals". The purpose of this report is to show how readings obtained from the set-out experiment‚ can be evaluated to determine the behavior of 3 selected materials; Brass‚ Copper and Aluminium through the process of cold rolling. The form of the materials are in small strips which are processed via cold-rolling method 4 times from their original state to evaluate
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