iii. Interneurons: V. Membrane Potentials: a. Basic Principles of Electricity: i. Voltage: ii. Potential: iii. Current: iv. Resistance: v. Ohm’s law: b. Role of Membrane Ion Channels: i. Leakage‚ or nongated channels: ii. Chemically gated‚ or ligand-gated‚ channels: iii. Voltage-gated channels: iv. Mechanically gated channels: c. The Resting Membrane Potential: i. Resting membrane potential: 1. Polarized: ii. Differences
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sheath and describe how it is formed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. 7. Classify neurons structurally and functionally. Membrane Potentials 8. Define resting membrane potential and describe its electrochemical basis. 9. Compare and contrast graded potentials and action potentials. 10. Explain how action potentials are generated and propagated along neurons. 11. Define absolute and relative refractory periods. 12. Define saltatory conduction and contrast
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it attaches to. Figure 1 shows a neuron‚ as indicated on the diagram; the dendrites are the receivers of information for that cell. The dendrites receive neurotransmitters from the synapses that connect to it and if enough are present‚ an action potential is caused which then travels down the axon to the terminal buttons also known as synapses. There are electrical and chemical synapses in the body although the vast majority are chemical. Electrical synapses are located in the retina and in some
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junction: directly connects the cytoplasm of two cells allows various molecules and ions to pass freely between cells‚ allow action potentials to spread. They are modulated by pH‚ neurotransmitters and [Ca2+]. CHEMICAL NEUROTRANSMISSION Neurotransmitter substance released from presynaptic cell‚ diffuses across synaptic cleft‚ produces effect on postsynaptic neurone e.g. central synapse 1.Amino acid and amine neurotransmitters are synthesised in the axon terminal Peptide
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Thursday‚ January 30‚ 2014 Nervous Tissue ! Anatomy & Physiology - Overall Purpose of the Nervous System ! • To keep controlled conditions within limits that maintain life health and homeostasis ! - Regulates body activities by responding via nerve impulses‚ works with the endocrine system which responds by releasing hormones ! • Responsible for our behavior‚ memories‚ and movements ! • Neurology : branch of medicine that deals with normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system
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other neurons using action potentials and neurotransmitters (Carlson‚ 2004). Neurotransmitters from the synaptic vesicle of the terminal button of a neuron can cause a graded potential. Unlike action potentials which are always depolarization‚ graded potentials may be either depolarization (excitatory) or hyperpolarization (inhibitory) (Kalat‚ 2007). Depending on whether the neurotransmitter hyperpolarizes or depolarizes the neuron‚ there are two basic postsynaptic potentials that take place in the
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Neurophysiology Study Guide 1. Define "equilibrium potential". Why is the resting potential closer to the potassium equilibrium potential (EK+) than the sodium potential (ENa+)? The equilibrium potential is the point at which the force exerted on an ion by electrostatic and concentration gradient forces are balanced‚ and there is no net movement of that ion. The resting potential is closer to EK+ than ENa+ because the cell membrane is more permeable to
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Chapter 48 Nervous Systems Lecture Outline Overview: Command and Control Center The human brain contains an estimated 1011 (100 billion) neurons. Each neuron may communicate with thousands of other neurons in complex information-processing circuits. Recently developed technologies can record brain activity from outside the skull. One technique is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)‚ which reconstructs a 3-D map of the subject’s brain activity. The results of brain imaging and other
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singal integration‚ it consists of the axon hillock. The signals transmitted from the first zone is integrated in this region. If the signal is strong enough‚ an action potential would be initiated. Third zone is specialized for signal conduction‚ it consists of the axon. The axon carries the information‚ usually from action potentials‚ from the cell body to the axon terminal. The fourth zone of a neuron is for signal transmission to target cells‚ it consists of the axon terminals. These axon terminals
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telodendria. terminals. mitochondria. neurosomes. vesicles. vesicles Most CNS neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains the ability of neurons to produce a resting potential. the ability of neurons to communicate with each other. why CNS neurons grow such long axons. the ability of neurons to generate an action potential. why CNS neurons cannot divide to regenerate damaged tissue. why CNS neurons cannot divide to
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