(Thurs 10:30-12:30) Due: Wednesday‚ March 19‚ 2014. Whitehead vs. Marx: Theories of Materialism and Idealism Materialism and idealism are two theories that greatly differ but are essentially straightforward to grasp in terms of contrasting and comparing the two. Karl Marx‚ a nineteenth century German philosopher and socialist saw materialism as a theory in regards to all reality being based on matter. Materialism is based on more of a scientific and factual approach. For example‚ the idea of a table
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With reference to the materials in Block 1 – and using your own words – compare and contrast: * classicism * positivism * social constructionism The role of theory in contemporary youth justice practice is crucial in shaping and conceptualising relationships between youth and crime. It provides a structure for how youth justice is practiced and helps make sense of today’s issues surrounding the topic. Approaches to youth justice have evolved throughout the centuries and it is important
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Auguste Comte was born in 1798 and had a significant part in the formation of sociology. Comte was the founder of French positivism. Comte can also be given credit for inventing or coining the term sociology. Comte was born a Catholic‚ but somewhere around the age of fourteen‚ he apparently stopped believing in God. At the same time‚ he left the ideals of his royalist family behind and became a republican. Comte attended the Ecole Polytechnique which was a leading scientific institution in France
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Rationalism vs Empiricism! The Greeks vs the Empiricists round 1…. FIGHT! The rationalist first jab is that there are significant ways in which our concepts and knowledge are gained independently in terms of sense experience. Empiricists claim that sense experience is the ultimate source of all our concepts and knowledge (empiricist’s vs rationalists). The two are very distinct interesting schools of thought among others‚ and there is quite a significant difference when it comes to concepts and ideas
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Hume’s version of empiricism begins with his distinction between analytic propositions “relationship of ideas‚” which he considers to be a priori and true by definition‚ and synthetic propositions‚ which he considers to be a posteriori (“matters of fact”)‚ and which are opposite of analytic propositions because they’re derived from our senses. Synthetic propositions can pose a problem since they can be untrue. An example is the sun. We can say that it will rise tomorrow—which is likely to happen
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David Hume’s thoughts on Empiricism One of the most notable figures in the history of western philosophy was Scottish philosopher David Hume. Hume was widely known for his views on Empiricism. Empiricism has been pondered since the beginnings of philosophy by many famous figures‚ from Aristotle to John Locke. (Wikipedia) Empiricism claims that human knowledge is founded on observation and use of the five senses. Hume published a literary work titled Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. This
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in our lives. Whether we know it or not‚ materialism is one of the most influential forces we interact with. In his essay “Two Cheers for Materialism” James Twitchell discusses the history‚ location‚ and impact materialism has had on society. With the use of the view points from many academics and historical figures‚ Twitchell offers insight into materialism’s effect on how we function in today’s world. He concludes all of this with the idea that materialism is not just the desire to collect commodities
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John Locke was best known as an advocate of empiricism and for his belief of tabula rasa‚ or the blank slate. In this way his beliefs were similar to those of the behaviorist school of thought. Locke is known as the father of English Empiricism. Empiricism believes that everyone is born with a blank slate that we fill as we experience life. The knowledge that we gain throughout life is due to our experiences‚ not through reasoning or thought. Locke believed that there is only the capacity to have
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George Berkeley’s primary ambitions as a philosopher are to disprove the materialist doctrines of skepticism and atheism. Although his primary focus is on disproving materialism‚ he also attempts to prove the existence of the human spirit. This is because the existence of the spirit is vital to maintaining a Christian world-view. One of Berkeley’s most famous claims is that "to be is to be perceived." Yet‚ He himself admits that the soul cannot be perceived. He is then forced to create a parallel
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competitive drive toward the abundance of consumerism and materialism rules our society as a whole. Stepping back from our wants‚ our needs are much different then what we are striving for. In Tim Kasser’s eye opening book‚ The High Price of Materialism‚ the author takes a scientific and very modern approach to this world wide epidemic that is costing people their happiness. Kasser explains how people who value and put priority on materialism often have a greater risk of being unhappy and acquiring
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