Various researchers had worked in the field of AE testing. A brief review of the work carried out in this area is explained in this section. Ohtsu et. al [1994] studied the history and development of AE. According to them AE research was first carried out in 1950 by J. Kaiser when he worked on metals. B.H Scofield in 1954‚ initiated the use of AE terminology wise in USA. T.F Drouillard found that first report on an experiment carried out with the help of AE was published in Japan. At the time of
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colloidal system consists of two separate phases: a dispersed phase (or internal phase) and a continuous phase (or dispersion medium). A colloidal system may be solid‚ liquid‚ or gaseous. Many familiar substances are colloids‚ as shown in the chart below. As well as these naturally occurring colloids‚ modern chemical process industries utilize high shear mixing technology to create novel colloids. The dispersed-phase particles have a diameter of between approximately 5 and 200 nanometers.[2] Such
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form of a secondary thermally conductive material to replace the thermally-insulating air between the two surfaces. Besides helping in the efficient transfer of heat‚ TIM also act as adhesives and strengthen the mechanical link between surfaces. Polymer-based TIM‚ metal-based TIM‚ and PCTIM are the basic types of TIM commercially available. Owing to their conductive and adhesive properties‚ TIM are used for thermal management applications in various industrial sectors‚ including Computers‚ Electrical
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) a. Acid b. Base 9. pH range for acid and base- know how a change in pH changes the concentration of hydrogen ions _____times (you fill in the blank). 10. What are the 4 classes of macromolecules? a. Know the monomer‚ polymer and bond name for each type b. Polymers are formed through dehydration and broken down by hydrolysis c. Lipids are the only macromolecule not formed like this d. Know example molecules for each type of macromolecule 11. Carbohydrates a.
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as building blocks of polymers b. polymer-long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks linked by covalent bonds c. dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction-monomers are connected by a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded‚with loss of water molecule d. hydrolysis-a process that is essentially the reverse of dehydration synthesis; it means to break using water‚ 2. a. What are carbohydrates? include both sugars and polymers of sugars b. What
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mould. The mould may be of any shape and size as per requirement. Injection molding process can be achieve with different types of materials (Glasses‚ elastomers‚ confections and most commonly used materials are thermoplastics’ and thermosetting polymer). The raw material is fed through the hopper into a heated barrel of machine(in granule form) heated up to certain temperature‚ making the material flow and then mixed and forced injected with the help of mechanical means into the mould cavity‚ were
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Name of Student: Name of Partner: Date of Experiment: Date of Report: Aim In this experiment‚ we aim to: (a) determine the refractive index n of a polymer slab from its constructive and destructive thin-film microwave interference; and (b) determine the lattice constant a of an array of thin copper rods from its Bragg diffraction of the incident microwave. Introduction Thin Film Interference When plane electromagnetic wave of wavelength λ is incident on a dielectric surface‚ part
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treatments including alkali‚ silane‚ acetylation‚ benzoylation‚ acrylation‚ maleated coupling agents‚ isocyanates‚ permanganate and others are discussed. The chemical treatment of fiber aimed at improving the adhesion between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix may not only modify the fiber surface but also increase fiber strength. Water absorption of composites is reduced and their mechanical properties are improved. Keywords Fiber-reinforced composites Á Natural fiber Á Chemical modifications Á
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is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are moldable. Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass‚ but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic‚ most commonly derived from petrochemicals‚ but many are partially natural. Composition Most plastics contain organic polymers. The vast majority of these polymers are based on chains of carbon atoms alone or with oxygen‚ sulfur‚ or nitrogen as well. The backbone is that part of the
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Chemistry Unit 1 – Revision Questions Chemistry 1A 1) Define an element. How many are there in the Periodic Table? 2) Write a table with the charges and masses of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. 3) Define atomic number and mass number. 4) Draw electron (energy level) diagrams for Be‚ S‚ Al‚ Cl and K. Also‚ write down the number of protons and neutrons for each. Finally‚ write the symbols (with mass no. and atomic no.) 5) Why have all Group 7 elements (halogens) got similar chemical properties
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