will run out if we continue using them Crude oil This fossil fuel is made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and oxygen atoms only a) b) In the exam you may be asked to identify hydrocarbons from their structure. You can see that a) is not a hydrocarbon as it contains oxygen as well Crude oil on its own is not useful but the hydrocarbons it contains on their own are useful and so they need to be separated. They are separated by a
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1987. Transfer of Clostridium lortetii to a new genus Sporohalobacter gen. nov. as Sporohalobacter lortetii comb. nov.‚ and description of Sporohalobacter marismortui sp. nov. Oren‚ A.‚ Gurevich‚ P.‚ Henis‚ Y.‚ 1991. Reduction of nitrosubstituted aromatic compounds by the halophilic anaerobic eubacteria Haloanaerobium praevalens and Sporohalobacter marismortui. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57‚ 3367–3370. Oren‚ A.‚ Gurevich‚ P.‚ Azachi‚ M.‚ Henis‚ Y.‚ 1992. Microbial degradation of pollutants at high
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Food Chemistry 134 (2012) 696–703 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Characterisation of calamansi (Citrus microcarpa). Part II: Volatiles‚ physicochemical properties and non-volatiles in the juice Mun Wai Cheong a‚ Danping Zhu a‚ Jingting Sng a‚ Shao Quan Liu a‚ Weibiao Zhou a‚ Philip Curran b‚ Bin Yu b‚⇑ a b Food Science and Technology Programme‚ Department of Chemistry‚ National University of Singapore‚ Science
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Indoor Air Quality INDOOR AIR QUALITY: INTRODUCTION The connection between the use of a building either as a workplace or as a dwelling and the appearance‚ in certain cases‚ of discomfort and symptoms that may be the very definition of an illness is a fact that can no longer be disputed. The main culprit is contamination of various kinds within the building‚ and this contamination is usually referred to as "poor quality of indoor air". The adverse effects due to poor air quality in closed spaces
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base or neither Hydrogen bonding‚ dipole-dipole interactions Rank several compounds by boiling point‚ melting point or solubility Boiling points increase as intermolecular attractive forces increase. For the alkanes‚ which are non-polar hydrocarbons‚ the intermolecular forces are induced dipole forces. In the case of the alcohols‚ the intermolecular forces include induced dipole forces‚ dipole forces‚ and hydrogen bonding. Induced dipole forces increase with increasing molecular weight
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scientists began to make substitute synthetic compounds similar in structure to cocaine‚ which consists of an aromatic residue‚ an intermediate chain‚ and a basic tertiary amino group‚ shown in figure 1. Figure 1: Structure of Cocaine (ChemWiki) All of the synthetic drugs that derived from the structure of cocaine had similar functional groups including an aromatic ring at one end‚ which is typically an ester of an
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Air pollution is a major environmental health problem affecting the developing and the developed countries alike. The effects of air pollution on health are very complex as there are many different sources and their individual effects vary from one to the other. It is not only the ambient air quality in the cities but also the indoor air quality in the rural and the urban areas that are causing concern. In fact in the developing world the highest air pollution exposures occur in the indoor environment
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Cucumis melo Linn. was first described by Linne in 1753. It belong to the family Cucurbitaceae which consists of 825 species in 118 genera (Milind and Kulwant‚ 2011). The birth of Cucumis melo L. has been uncertain. However‚ novel review has testified its origin from East and South Africa. Different cultivated varieties and different forms of fruits have emerged universally in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Cucumis melo L. has a wide geographic distribution. Native countries include South Africa
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1: The structure of Eugenol. The IR spectroscopy run on the sample gave results as shown in Table 2. The –OH stretch accounts for the hydroxyl group on the aromatic ring as shown in Figure 1. The C-H peaks are from the mexthoxy group on the aromatic ring. The C=C-H are a result of the hydrogen’s bonded to the carbons of the aromatic ring. The peak from the C=O stretch is not from the compound‚ but may be a result of product contamination. Absorbance | Shape | Intensity | Group-motion |
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Abstract In the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-Ibuprofen‚ the compound is synthesized in nonracemic form directly from an achiral precursor. First‚ racemic ibuprofen was converted to aN achiral ketene via the acid chloride by adding thionyl chloride followed by triethylamine. Then‚ ketene was reacted with a chiral and nonracemic (S)-ethyl lactate produces a mixture of diasteromeric esters of ibuprofen derivatives where (S) configuration is predominantly. Finally‚ hydrolysis of the ester then provides
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