Carbon and Its Compounds Carbon: Introduction Atomic Number: 6 Electronic Configuration: 2‚ 4. Valence electrons: 4 Property: Non-metal Abundance:- Carbon is the 4th most abundant substance in universe and 15th most abundant substance in the earth’s crust. Compounds having carbon atoms among the components are known as carbon compounds. Previously‚ carbon compounds could only be obtained from a living source; hence they are also known as organic compounds. Bonding In Carbon:- The Covalent
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Analysis of Alcohols‚ Aldehydes and Ketones Karl Wayne Mancao‚ Raphaell Mordeno‚ Andres Pastrana III*‚ and Shannen Peñaverde Department of Biology‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract The proponents have done several tests for identifying alcohols‚ aldehydes and ketones. These tests are Dichromate test‚ Tollens test‚ Lucas test‚ DNPH test and Iodoform test. Three samples got positive result in dichromate test and one in Tollens test. Lucas test got one sample that has
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systems) and metal complexes. [edit]Conjugated pi-bond system chromophores In the conjugated chromophores‚ the electrons jump between energy levels that are extended pi orbitals‚ created by a series of alternating single and double bonds‚ often in aromatic systems. Common examples include retinal (used in the eye to detect light)‚ various food colorings‚ fabric dyes (azo compounds)‚ pH indicators‚ lycopene‚ β-carotene‚ and anthocyanins. Various factors in a chromophore’s structure go into determining
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The Potential of Tannin Found in Avocado Seeds (Persea Americana) As Alternative Source of Ink A Science Investigatory Project in Partial Fulfillment for the Requirement in Science IV Presented to: Ms. Hazel M. De Ramos Science IV Teacher Presented by: Española‚ Daveriel P. Misolas‚ Kim Zeus N. Sta. Ana‚ Rhoel Marvin O. Discaya‚ DoumaJairah V. Orgado‚ Nadine Gladys B. Polytechnic University of the Philippines Laboratory High School February 2014 Table of Contents Chapter I: The Problem
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GORE-TEX 1. INTRODUCTION There are plenty of clothing options out in the market to keep you warm‚ but how about to keep you dry in wet conditions? Being dry is one of the key components to keeping warm so this is essential. That is were GORE-TEX comes in. GORE-TEX is an inner membrane layer in outdoor clothing containing over nine billion microscopic pores per square inch (Figure 2). These pores are each twenty thousand times smaller then a water droplet but seven hundred times larger then a water
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Remote Stranded Gas: Challenges‚ Opportunities and Strategies for Development AkaChidike Kanu Sunlink Petroleum Limited‚ Lagos‚ Nigeria Abstract Nigeria currently ranks 7th in the world in natural gas reserves but a substantial amount of the gas is flared and‚ in spite of recent gas development projects‚ the country is still one of the nations flaring the most gas. Stranded gas generally‚ may be described as any gas resource that is uneconomic to monetize at the time. This includes flared
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DESIGN CANVAS 2.1 General Design canvas is of five types. Each type may be in varying numbers depending on the case under research. Empathy summary in describe the top 5 problem on the basis of desirability‚ feasibility & viability‚ and finally choose exact problem from five possibilities. The Ideation Canvas helps in carving out different requirement in-line with attempting/ looking forward to have an idea about addressing a problem. The product must be performing certain functions and have set
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mixtures of hydrocarbons‚ compounds which contain hydrogen and carbon atoms. In a “perfect” engine‚ oxygen in the air would convert all the hydrogen in the fuel to water and all the carbon in the fuel to carbon dioxide. Nitrogen in the air would remain unaffected. In reality‚ the combustion process cannot be “perfect‚” and automotive engines emit several types of pollutants. FACT SHEET OMS-5 August‚ 1994 Automobile Emissions: An Overview “Perfect” Combustion FUEL (hydrocarbons) + AIR (oxygen
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hydrogen and carbon molecules called Hydrocarbons. Petroleum consists of hydrocarbon chains each has its own physical and chemical properties‚ and length determined by how many carbon molecule present in a hydrocarbon chain. For example‚ one to four carbons form gases like methane‚ ethane‚ propane‚ and butane. Five to seven carbons produce solvents like cleaning fluids and paint solvents; and seven to eleven carbons form gasoline and other similar fuels. Finally‚ hydrocarbon chains that consist of more than
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oil with an aromatic spicy odor. Acetyleugenol 0.528 5.28 Clear to pale yellow oily liquid with aromatic spicy odor. Calculations Percent recovery of eugenol Amt. Eugenol isolated 0.712 g % Recovery = ------------------------------ = -------------- x 100 = 7.12 % Amt. Cloves used 10 g IR spectrograph: See IR graph attached Conclusion Simple distillation of whole cloves produced 0.712 g of a yellow oil with spicy aromatic odor‚ which
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