Characterization of Hydrocarbons Miranda‚ Marilyn1‚ Comaling‚ Leif Anthony B.2 1Professor‚ School of Chemical Engineering‚ Chemistry and Biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology; 2Student (s)‚ Subject/Section‚ School of Chemical Engineering‚ Chemistry and Biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology ABSTRACT Hydrocarbons are compounds that only contain carbon and oxygen atoms. Alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic rings are the four classifications of hydrocarbons. Each of these classifications
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CHAPTER I AIR POLLUTANTS: SOURCES AND CONTROL OF GASES Introduction: 1. According to the World Bank‚ in 2007 air pollution cost about 3.8% of China’s 2. gross domestic product‚ mainly from diseases and loss of lives. 3. World Health Organization estimates that in India alone about 500‚000 premature deaths are caused each year by indoor air pollution. 4. Serious respiratory disease-related problems have been identified for both indoor and outdoor pollution in major cities of several countries. 5.
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CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBON EXPERIMENT 16 OBJECTIVE The objective of this experiment is to distinguish the difference between various types of hydrocarbons by performing simple tests and reactions involving hydrocarbons. EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS Pentene Toluene Heptane Potassium permanganate (1% KMnO4) Aluminum chloride (anhydrous AlCl3) Chloroform (CHCl3) Ligroin Br2 in CCl4 (5%) Stopper pH paper Small test tubes and rack Graduated cylinder (10 ml) Evaporating dish DISCUSSION
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important conversion process used in petroleum refineries. It is widely used to convert the high-boiling hydrocarbonfractions of petroleum crude oils into more valuable [1][2][3] gasoline‚ olefinic gases and other products. . Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons for conversion of heavy fractions into lighter fractions was originally done by thermal cracking which has been almost completely replaced by catalytic cracking because it produces more gasoline with a higher octane rating. It also produces
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source of both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons Crude oil: a complex mixture of hydrocarbons found in layers of rock beneath the earth’s surface Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: contain chains of carbon atoms that may be branched Aromatic Hydrocarbons: contain Benzene rings- rings of carbon atoms with delocalized electrons Alkanes all have different boiling points dependent on the length of the carbon chain in the molecule. The smaller chains ie. the most volatile hydrocarbons will leave at the top of
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meristematic cells can be induced to reproduce an entire plant.Aromatic hydrocarbon or arenes are the compounds of carbon and hydrogen which contain at least one hexagonal ring of carbon called as benzene in their molecule. Aromatic hydrocarbon can contain one or more than one benzene ring. Those compounds which contain more than one benzene ring are known as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon like naphthalene‚ anthracene etc. The aromatic compounds are generally taken as derivatives of benzene. Benzene
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Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activitity on the biophysical environment. Environmentalism‚ a socialand environmental movement that started in the 1960s‚ addresses environmental issues through advocacy‚ education and activism. The carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere has already exceeded 400 parts per million (NOAA) (with total "long-term" GHG exceeding 455 parts per million). (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Report) This level is considered
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Smokeless Tobacco A Rising Trend with Today ’s Youth By July 3‚ 2001 Abstract The consumption of tobacco is probably the most harmful thing you can do to your body and health. Most people that consume tobacco do so in the form of a cigarette‚ but lately there has been another form of tobacco that is cause for concern among younger age groups: smokeless tobacco. Smokeless tobacco contains the same addictive nicotine found in a cigarette but it is chewed rather than smoked. The tobacco
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Water Treatment Nanotechnology‚ the engineering and art of manipulating matter at the nanoscale (1-100 nm)‚ offers the potential of novel nanomaterials for the treatment of surface water‚ groundwater and wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions‚ organic and inorganic solutes and microorganisms. Due to their unique activity toward recalcitrant contaminants many nanomaterials are under active research and development for use in the treatment of water. Nanotechnology water treatment
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Chapter 5: Solutions‚ Colloids‚ and Membranes Chapter Summary Mixtures and Solutions * A mixture maintains its identity regardless of the proportions of its components. * A mixture can be separated into its pure components through physical separation techniques. * The components are distributed uniformly throughout a homogenous mixture. * The components are not distributed uniformly throughout a heterogeneous mixture. * A solution is composed of a solvent and one or more solutes
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