Academic Reading sample task – Identifying writer’s views/claims Discovered in the early 1800s and named ‘nicotianine’‚ the oily essence now called nicotine is the main active ingredient of tobacco. Nicotine‚ however‚ is only a small component of cigarette smoke‚ which contains more than 4‚700 chemical compounds‚ including 43 cancer-causing substances. In recent times‚ scientific research has been providing evidence that years of cigarette smoking vastly increases the risk of developing fatal medical
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Drafting By: Madison Stewart Drafting is the drawing up of blueprints for architectural structures‚ and mechanical engineering tools and objects. There are two sides to drafting‚ the mechanical side and the architectural side. It’s a great career that is fun‚ and easy to do. Architectural drafting has to deal with drawing up the blueprints for homes‚ schools‚ churches‚ and any other architectural structure you can think of. It’s very easy to come up with these blueprints. You can either draw
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meaning but to simplify it‚ vernacular buildings is an approach of architecture that uses local material and resources in a certain area or region where a building is built and undertakes local needs. Before 1900s‚ people unconsciously built vernacular buildings as they can only use sources around their area to build houses for their needs but as years go by people started understanding the use and style of vernacular architecture as it develops more. According to www.archdaily.com architects everywhere
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MODERN ARCHITECTURE De Stijl Architecture De Stijl architecture was formed by a group of young artists who created the new movement in 1917; calling both the movement and the magazine they published De Stijl. The group promoted utopian ideals and group members believed in the birth of new age in the wake of WWI. They felt it was a time of balance between individual and universal values. The work was completely abstract as well. The goal was total integration of art and life. GERRIT THOMAS RIETVELD
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Whitney Adams Professor Rodgers ARTF 110 9 December‚ 2013 Development of Gothic Architecture The 11th to 15th centuries observed a great increase in the presence of the Christian Church within Europe. The Crusades were a strong cause for this surge in the Christian religion. The growing population of the Church increased the demand for a Christian presence in architectural monuments during the Romanesque and Gothic periods‚ which lead to a great cathedral construction boom across Europe
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The 12th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics (IACMAG) 1-6 October‚ 2008 Goa‚ India Earthquake Risk Mitigation Strategies in India C. Ghosh National Institute of Disaster Management‚ New Delhi‚ India Keywords: Disaster Management‚ earthquake‚ mitigation‚ building codes‚ ABSTRACT: About 59% of India’s land area is under the threat of moderate to severe earthquake shaking intensity VII and higher. In the last 20 years‚ 8 major
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The Evolution of Architecture due to several analyzed themes (Gothic architecture and Modern architecture) Abstract This paper contains a comparative analysis of the evolution of architecture in relation to Gothic revival and Modern Architecture. In this comparative analysis the similarities and differences of each style are highlighted and discussed. It further discusses and illustrates the elements which are unique to each style. The buildings which are the subject of this analysis includes:
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Dematerialization of Architecture The history of discourses has been developed for centuries‚ and architecture have entered a phase of re-evaluation. Because of the prevalent technology and media of creation in the virtual world‚ contemporary architecture is dematerialized to be images and abstract ideas. The definition of architecture has become even more subjective‚ obscure‚ ambiguous and limited. We took advantages from photography and the technology of visualization. But the excessive
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CONTEMPORARY ARTIST ;THEIR WORKS. Aina Olabolu :art educator and painter Cheif Aina Onabolu (now late) was born in Ijebu-ode in Ogun state‚ Nigeria in the year 1882. The general impression the Europeans were having about contemporary African art was that of primitive and lacked impact on orld civilization Onabolu grew up in the midst of that notion and was determined to prove the white people wrong. He started to practice art on his own in 1900 even
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Dr. Mervat El-Shafie Dr. Mervat El-Shafie‚ Assistant Professor of Architecture‚ is the Chair of the Architecture Department in the College of Engineering‚ Effat University. Dr El-Shafie received her Ph.D. in Built-Environment from Lincoln University‚ New Zealand in 1999. Her thesis entitled “Phenomenology of Built-Environment” deals with the interrelationships between people and their land‚ houses and places and how this is being affected by the processes of Modernization and Globalization. Dr
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