Exercise 1: Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability Worksheet Student Name: Student ID# Student instructions: Follow the step-by-step instructions for this exercise found in your lab manual and record your answers in the spaces below. Submit this completed document by the assignment due date found in the Syllabus. Rename this document to include your first and last name prior to submitting‚ e.g. Exercise1_JohnSmith.doc. Please make sure that your answers are typed in RED. Grading:
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Skeletal Muscle Physiology Student instructions: Follow the step-by-step instructions for this exercise found in your lab manual and record your answers in the spaces below. Submit this completed document by the assignment due date found in the Syllabus. Rename this document to include your first and last name prior to submitting‚ e.g. Exercise2_JohnSmith.doc. Please make sure that your answers are typed in RED. (You may delete these instructions before submission.) Grading: True/False
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EXERCISE 10: Acid-Base Balance Grading: True/False‚ Multiple-Choice‚ and Fill-in-the-blank type questions will be worth 1 point each whereas Short-answer type questions will be worth 2 points each. This lab will be worth a total of 45 points but will be converted to a percentage grade when registered in your “Gradebook”. |ACTIVITY 1: Hyperventilation |Answers | |A
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Activity 1 Pre-Lab Quiz K+ inside a cell = 150 mM; K+ outside a cell = 5 mM Na+ inside a cell = 5 mM; Na+ outside a cell = 150 mM Stop & Think question What is the polarity of the resting membrane potential (voltage)? Negative What does it mean that the voltage just inside the membrane is negative? B Membrane of most cells contains K+ leak channels…..b What will happen to the resting membrane potential if the extracellular K+ concentration is increase? Less negative What happens
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during this run‚ how would you expect to renal system to compensate for this condition? Renal compensation for alkalosis means the kidneys will correct the basic conditions by increasing H+ absorption and by increasing bicarbonate (HCO3-) secretion. 9. How did the hyperventilation trace differ from the trace for the normal breathing? Did the tidal volumes change? The amount of air inspired and expired (tidal volume) increased from the normal value of around 500ml to around 3 Liters 10. What might
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PhysioEx – Exercise 9 Activity 1: 1. excretion and regulation 2. glomerular capillaries (glomerulus) & Bowman’s capsule 3. The filtrate flows from the Bowman’s capsule into the renal tubule called the proximal convoluted tubule then into the loop of Henle‚ and finally into the distal convoluted tubule: a. Proximal Convoluted Tubule b. Loop of Henle c. Distal Convoluted Tubule 4. When the radius of the afferent arteriole was decreased‚ the pressure and the filtration rate both decreased
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flat lined again it continue to follow this trace continuously. 7. What part of the trace shows the refractory period? The atrial contraction is the part of the trace that shows the refractory period 8. Does summation occur? No summation 9. Why is it important that summation not occur in heart muscle? Summation would increase the Heart muscle contractions which would lead to heart attack. Activity 2: Vagus Nerve Stimulation 1. Describe the effect of the vagus nerve stimulation
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Activity 1: Electrical Stimulation 1. Do you see any kind of response on the oscilloscope screen? NO 2. What was the threshold voltage‚ or the voltage at which you first saw an action potential? 3.0 V 3. How does this tracing compare to the one that was generated at the threshold voltage? The tracing travel in the same fashion but the tracing were different with an increase threshold voltage 4. What reason can you give for the change? Increase voltage 5. Record this maximal voltage here:
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Activity 1 1. Increasing extracellular K+ reduces the net diffusion of K+ out of the neuron through the K+ leak channels because the membrane is permeable to K+ ions. Therefore‚ the K+ ions will diffuse down its concentration gradient from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. 2. Increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value because the K+ ions diffuse out across the membrane. My results went well compared to my prediction
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REVIEW SHEET EXERCISE 2 Skeletal Muscle Physiology NAME: LAB TIME/DATE:9pm.. 4.8.11 Electrical Stimulation 1. Name each phase of a typical muscle twitch‚ and‚ on the following line‚ describe what is happening in each phase. a. Latent-stage from rest to muscle tension begins b. Contraction-At this stage the muscle reaches its peak in contraction c. Relaxation- muscle is shortened‚ returns to zero and back initial length. 2. In Activity 2‚ how long was the latent period? ___2
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