visible light are but two examples‚ has properties of both waves and particles. When light acts as a particle‚ called a photon‚ each light particle possesses a discrete amount of energy called a quantum. When a molecule is exposed to electromagnetic energy it can absorb a photon‚ increasing its energy by an amount equal to the energy of the photon. The energy of the absorbed photon can be calculated if the frequency‚ ν‚ of the light is known according to Equation 1. E = hν Equation 1 Where
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• Historical Milestones Development of Light Theory • • 2. Historical Development Isaac Newton – Particle Theory & Prism Christiaan Huygens – Wave Theory Thomas Young – Double-Slit Experiment James Maxwell – Electromagnetic Theory Heinrich Hertz – Radiowaves & Wireless Experiment William Roentgen – X-rays Max Planck – Radiation Theory Albert Einstein – Photo Model • 3. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Particle Model of Light (1671) Light rays is comprised of a stream of massless particles
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3.1 & 3.2 Chemistry Notes Dalton * In 1805‚ John Dalton reintroduced the idea to explain 3 fundamental principles Experimental Work * Atoms of different elements have different properties * Law of definite proportion and multiple compositions: atoms of 2 or more elements can combine in a fixed ratio to form new substances depending on their combining capacities (eg. H2O vs H2O2) * Law of conservation of mass: atoms cannot be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction
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Arul Prasath .K School of Electronics Science‚ VIT University‚ Vellore - 632014‚ TamilNadu‚ India Arulprasath.kvit01@gmail.com; Abstract This paper deals with the discussion of mass and energy in light. Light consist of very less amount of mass that it could not be measured. This paper is based on the concept that when the mass of light is increased it can move the objects. So‚ the light with increased mass can be used in many applications in practical life such as producing electricity. Increase
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3.1 CATHODE RAYS 3.1.1 Explain that cathode ray tubes allowed the manipulation of a stream of charged particles. DEFINITTIONS: * Cathode Ray Tube: is an evacuated tube which allows the unobstructed movement of cathode rays from a cathode to an anode. * Cathode Ray: Are negatively charged particles and can therefore be deflected. * This can be shown by 3 facts: * They leave –ve charge on the surfaces they strike * They are deflected by magnetic fields as predicted
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Introduction The aims of the lab session was to familiarize with the principles‚ operation and application of a light spectrophotometer. This report discusses an experiment to study the relationship of absorbance and concentration‚ the interaction of electromagnetic radiant energy(ERE) and matter which is an important aspect of the Beer-Lambert ’s Law. This law states that the absorption of a compound is directly proportional to the concentration of that particular compound. This is because (a &
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Basics Light is a form of energy that can be released by an atom. It is made up of many small particle-like packets that have energy and momentum but no mass. These particles‚ called light photons‚ are the most basic units of light. (For more information‚ see How Light Works.) Atoms release light photons when their electrons become excited. If you’ve read How Atoms Work‚ then you know that electrons are the negatively charged particles that move around an atom’s nucleus (which has a net positive
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There is a parlor game physics students play: Who was the greater genius? Galileo or Kepler? (Galileo) Maxwell or Bohr? (Maxwell‚ but it’s closer than you might think). Hawking or Heisenberg? (A no-brainer‚ whatever the best-seller lists might say. It’s Heisenberg). But there are two figures who are simply off the charts. Isaac Newton is one. The other is Albert Einstein. If pressed‚ physicists give Newton pride of place‚ but it is a photo finish -- and no one else is in the race. Newton’s claim
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back to their former positions of lower energy (ground state). As the electrons return to their normal levels‚ the energy that was absorbed is emitted in the form of electromagnetic energy. When electrons lose their energy they do so by emitting a photon of light. The color of this light can be used as a means of identifying the elements involved. Another method of atomic identification used in this lab are spectral lines. A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous
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E.M. INTERACTION WITH MATTER 1 SCATTERING of E.M. RADIATION Type of scattering depends on the e.m. energy‚ ~! wrt the electron energy: Ionization energy EI Rest-mass energy me c2 2 CLASSICAL MODEL E.M. wave interacting with an oscillating electron Frequency of oscillation is given by Coulomb energy: !02 = kC /me e.m. field adds a driving force at e.m. frequency !‚ F = Radiated power is related to the electron acceleration‚ a 2 ✓ ◆2 !4 2 cE (!02 ! 2 )2 0 cE02 = P/I0 ‚ I0 = The cross-section
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