causes an electron to be excited. So from the very beginning‚ a person named Max Plank proposed a theory that energy is emitted and absorbed in quantities called “quanta.” Einstein then came along and said that light contained quanta energy called “photons.” Electrons that are present in atoms are on different energy levels‚ with the lowest level that is closest to the nucleus being called the “ground state.” If an electron gains enough energy‚ it will jump to a higher energy level called the “excited
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radiations. Alpha particles are positively charged helium-4 nuclei ‚ beta particles are high energy-high speed electrons while gamma rays unlike alpha and beta radiation have no mass and charge and are short electromagnetic waves consisting of high energy photons. While alpha and beta radiations have low and moderate risk of damage‚ gamma rays can cause severe damage to internal organs and even death on skin exposure. A brief description of various types of radioactive emissions is given below – i) Alpha
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Reviewer’s Name: Sanjeev Mishra UMN ID Number: 4585009 The Photoelectric Effect: A Determination of Planck’s constant Ian E. Jaeger School of Physics and Astronomy‚ University of Minnesota – Twin Cities 116 Church St. S.E.‚ Minneapolis‚ MN 55455 Abstract The photoelectric effect was explored to determine an experimental value of Planck’s constant‚ h. Included is a brief introduction to the history leading up to Einstein’s discovery of the photoelectric effect as well as the theory behind
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Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime‚ as well as all related concepts‚ including energy and force. More broadly‚ it is the general analysis of nature‚ conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves. Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines‚ perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia‚ physics had been considered synonymous with philosophy‚ chemistry‚ and certain branches of mathematics and biology
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En = n2h2 (1) 8mL2 The experiment used the absorption of photon of dye as the transition of an electron of the particle in the box levels as it moved to a higher level. So it was expected that the energy absorbed by the photon to be equal to the difference between the energies of the levels. ΔE = h2 (2ni+1) (2) 8mL2 λ = 8mcL2 (3) h(2ni
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Wilhelm Hallwachs and Philipp Lenard [1‚ 2] using a circuit similar to Figure 1. [pic] Figure 1. A circuit for a photoelectric effect experiment. When enough energy is transferred to the electrons in the cathode from the photons on the EM radiation‚ the electrons maybe ejected from the cathode’s surface and a current is produced. The photoelectric effect can be understood clearly when light is viewed as a
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Purpose: To observe the characteristic colors produced when certain metallic ions are vaporized. Metallic Ion Color in Flame Na+ Light Orange K+ Pink / Orange Li Red Ca2+ Dark Orange Sr2+ Red Cu2 Green Co+2 Salmon Pink Ammonium Dichlorate Orange Sparks K2CR2O7 Orange Fe+1 No Reaction NaCl Orange Strantium Chloride Scarlet Red Ni+2 Dark Orange Copper Sulfate (solid) Green Fe+2
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yet it has been shown through theoretical arguments that there is a common error in the theory in which this topic is learnt and taught. The common theory is that the energy of the incoming photons must be greater than the work function of the emitter‚ and also that the difference between the energy of the photon and the work function of the emitter must be greater than the voltage applied between the emitter and collector multiplied by the elementary charge. This paper provides experimental evidence
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Achievements of Albert Einstein in his life * Einstein showed that absolute time had to be replaced by a new absolute: the speed of light. Einstein went against the grain and totally dismissed the "Old Physics." He envisioned a world where space and time are relative and the speed of light is absolute (at the time‚ it was believed that space and time were absolute and the speed of light was relative). * He asserted the equivalence of mass and energy‚ which would lead to the famous
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electromagnetic wave. The wave picture of light is not the whole story‚ however. Several effects associated with emission and absorption of light reveal a particle aspect‚ in that the energy carried by light waves is packaged in discrete bundles called photons or quanta. These apparently contradictory wave and particle properties have been reconciled since 1930 with the development of quantum electrodynamics‚ a comprehensive theory that includes both wave and particle properties. The propagation of light
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