GUIDED PHOTONS Serial No. Name Of Team Member Registration No. Branch 1. Bhaskar Sundaraseshan 13Bee1028 E.E.E. 2. Raj Vadhan Khandekar 13BEE1072 E.E.E. 3. Mayank Raj 13BEE1073 E.E.E. 4. Nambiar Nikhil SunilKumar 13BEE1083 E.E.E. 5. Onkar PradipRao Pimparwar 13BEE1094 E.E.E. INTRODUCTION A waveguide is a structure that guides waves‚ such as electromagnetic waves or sound waves. There are different types of waveguides for each type of
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Photon The photon is massless‚[Note 2] has no electric charge‚[12] and is stable. A photon has two possible polarization states and is described by exactly three continuous parameters: the components of its wave vector‚ which determine its wavelength λ and its direction of propagation. The photon is the gauge boson for electromagnetism‚[13] and therefore all other quantum numbers of the photon (such as lepton number‚ baryon number‚ and flavour quantum numbers) are zero.[14] Photons are emitted
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS‚ VOLUME 1‚ NUMBER 3‚ SUMMER 2000 Comparison between TG-51 and TG-21: Calibration of photon and electron beams in water using cylindrical chambers S. H. Cho‚a) J. R. Lowenstein‚b) P. A. Balter‚c) N. H. Wells‚d) and W. F. Hansone) Department of Radiation Physics‚ The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center‚ 1515 Holcombe Boulevard‚ Box 547‚ Houston‚ Texas 77030 ͑Received 31 March 2000; accepted for publication 8 June 2000͒ A new calibration
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words. Both confocal and two-photon (multi-photon) laser imaging can generate 3D images by capturing a stack of optical sections at different focal planes. In confocal microscopy‚ a detector pinhole which rejects fluorescence from off-focus locations is used; while‚ two- photon microscopy is capable of giving 3D contrast and resolution (comparable to confocal microscopy) without the necessity for the detector pinhole used in the confocal microscope. Two-photon microscopy doesn’t need the pinhole
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occurs when an incident photon bounces off an atom. The photoelectric effect is inversely proportional to the kV cubed and is proportional to the atomic number cubed. The photon is completely absorbed. The ejected electron is known as the photoelectron. In Compton scatter the incident photon is both absorbed and scattered. The ejected electron is known as a recoil electron which is scattered in the forward direction. The photon has a longer wavelength than the incident photon due to loss of energy
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control (0.96- 1.215ghz) GPS(Global Positioning System): 1.227-1.575ghz WiFi (brandname) WLAN 2.4Ghz 802.11b‚11g /5ghz 802.11a Microwave Oven: 2.45ghz Bluetooth: ISM band 2.4ghz‚ band divided 79channels (1mhz=1600t/s) Quantum energy of microwave photons is in the range 0.00001 to 0.001 eV Human body transparent to microwaves Quantum States: Molecular rotation and torsion Quantum million times lower than X-rays(ionizing radiation=damage) Radio astronomy 30ghz – 1Thz Infrared(IR)- “infra” – below
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single stranded DNA. We have also used it to measure concentration of chemicals. This lecture will discuss spectophotometry in more detail. Background: You will recall from CHM 113 (week 4) that light is described by both a particle theory (photons) and a wave theory. In CHM 113‚ we discussed the relationships between energy‚ wavelength‚ frequency‚ and speed of light waves. The wavelength‚ λ‚ (lambda) of any wave is the crest-to-crest distance between waves. The frequency‚ ν‚ (nu) is the
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2013 ablation of bagasse in ethanol. Strong optical limiting effects of as-prepared CNDs to Accepted 19 December 2013 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses were observed with the threshold of 74 mJ/cm2. The Available online 26 December 2013 strong two photon absorption of CNDs is responsible for the optical limiting response. The nonlinear coefficient was determined by the open-aperture Z-scan technique. Ó 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Luminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) with the size in the
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occurs when an X-ray photon is incident with an atom present in the sample where photon is annihilated and the atom becomes ionized. The atom undergoes a de-exitation to its ground level energy state when the atom binds with a nearby electron. This effect can be described by an energy equation given by K − hν0 − B where K is the kinetic energy of the photoelectron‚ and B is its binding energy. During the de-exitation of the atom to its ground state‚ characteristic X-ray photons are produced directly
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Exploring the virtual reality conjecture Brian Whitworth Introduction Computers today simulate entire worlds‚ with their own time‚ space and objects‚ but that our world could be so is normally a topic of science fiction‚ not physics. Yet that the world is illusory has a long history. In Buddhism‚ the world expresses the Universal Mind‚ in Hinduism it is Maya‚ the illusion of "God’s play”‚ and to Plato it was just shadows flickering on a wall1. That the world is digital is also not new‚ as to
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Metallic Components Introduction: Spectroscopy is the study of the electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by the atoms and molecules. A photon in short is light. Atoms produce light by putting energy in‚ the electron then becomes excited and goes up an energy level‚ the electron then falls back down to its ground state‚ and out comes a photon (light). The electromagnetic spectrum contains color that we can and cannot see. The color blue has the highest energy with shorter wavelengths and
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Physics Final Exam revision c 4/8/15 Directions: It is important that you provide answers in your own words. Please focus only on information from the text/eBook to create your own solutions. Please do not use direct information from an outside source (especially copying and pasting from an “answer” website). Use of direct information from an outside source is against school policy. All answers will be checked for plagiarism. Instances of plagiarism can result in probation or possible
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Objectives: • To be able to explain how the photoelectric effect experiment works and why a photon model of light is necessary to explain the results. • To study the effect of intensity of light on photoelectric experiment. • To estimate the Planck’s constant‚ h through the simulation. • To be determine how to calculate the wavelength of light‚ the work function of the metal‚ or the stopping potential‚ if given the other two. Beginning with the plate made of sodium. Keep all the parameters
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UNIT 1 Modern Physics 1.1 CLASSICAL PHYSICS Newtons laws of motion are the basis of the most elementary principles of classical physics. Equations based on these laws are the simplest and they are suitable for solution of simple dynamical problems‚ such as the motion of macroscopic bodies‚ Lagranges equations‚ Hamiltons equations and Hamiltons principle are also fundamental principles of classical mechanics‚ because they are consistent with each other and with Newtons laws of
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[1] c. Using the Balmer-Rydberg equation‚ at what value of n does the red line (wavelength = 656.3 nm) in the Balmer series of the hydrogen emission spectrum occur. [5] 2. Calculate the wavelength of the following: a. A photon of energy 2.89 x 10-19 J [2] b. An electron travelling at 1/5 of the speed of light [3] c. A 70 kg man running a 100 m sprint in 9.84 s. [3] i. In parts b. and c.‚ how does the wavelength compare to the region
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Drion Shkreli Alchemy to Astrophysics Professor Efthimiades 12/11/2012 Quantum Mechanics Homework 1. Principles of Quantum Mechanics a. Particles have multiple virtual motions and each motion is accompanied by a wave. The strength of the total particle wave at each point corresponds to the probability that the particle may be found there. Applying this principle we can explain all kinds of phenomena‚ from the properties of atoms and radioactivity to light reflection. 2. Electron Double
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release some energy – which it does in the form of a photon. The energy level of this photon corresponds to how far the electron dropped between orbitals. So when a photon collides with another atom‚ the energy in the photon sometimes gets absorbed and boosts an electron in that atom to a higher level‚ but only if the amount of energy in the photon (from the 1st electrons drop) matches the energy required to boost the 2nd electron. Otherwise‚ the photon will not shift electrons between orbitals. That
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scattering of a photon. It was discovered by Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman and Kariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnan in liquids‚[1] and by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam in crystals.[2][3] When light is scattered from an atom or molecule‚ most photons are elastically scattered (Rayleigh scattering)‚ such that the scattered photons have the same energy (frequency) and wavelength as the incident photons. However‚ a small fraction of the scattered light (approximately 1 in 10 million photons) is scattered
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Liannys Polanco 02.05 Electron Arrangement and EMR: Line Spectra Lab Worksheet Before You Begin: You may either copy and paste this document into a word processing program of your choice or print this page. Procedure Access the virtual lab and complete the experiments. Part One (Flame Test): Create and complete a data table for Part One of the lab. It should include the name of the element (or unknown) examined and the color of the observed flame Identify each unknown from Part One of the
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with matter. • Wave model failed to account for absorption and emission of EM energy – (sinosoidal wave model (λ ‚ f‚ v‚ Amplitude) • Particle model : EM radiation is viewed as stream of discrete particles or wave packets‚ of energy called Photons where energy is proportional to frequency ( ) E~ f Electromagnetic Radiation • Electric field- responsible for most phenomena (transmission reflection‚ refraction and absorption) • Magnetic field responsible for absorption of RF waves
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