LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS OVERVIEW • The origin of Language • Features of Language • Knowledge of Language • Linguistics • Branches of Linguistics • Approaches to Linguistic Studies • Schools of Linguistics THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE • The divine source • The natural sound source o Primitive words o Cuckoo‚ splash‚ rattle‚ hiss‚ buzz o “Bow-wow theory of language origin.” • The social interaction source • The physical adaptation source
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6 cannot learn language (feral children) Communicative competence Linguistic Anthropology Focuses on the mechanics of language‚ including: Phonology (phonetics): the general study of the sounds used in speech by means of an internationally recognized system of symbols to represent the various phonetic sounds of speech. Syntax: the study of the manner in which minimum units of meaning (morphemes) are put together into phrases or sentences. Or‚ what English speakers
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المقررة والمراجع English Phonetics & Phonology: A Practical Course-By Peter Roach (Now Includes 2 Audio CDs) (4th Edition.) Cambridge University Press. SCHEDULE FOR THE LECTURES: SUNDAY:10- 11:50 (ROOM-101) - Section 644 Name of the Course Instructor: Ms. Azra Rafath Syed. Course Description List of Topics No of Weeks Contacthours Introduction – Difference between letters and sounds (Arbitrary relationship)‚ basic sounds (Phonetic symbols) 1 2 Air Stream
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Transactions of the Philological Society‚ Oxford‚ pp.116-144. 21. Robins‚ R.H. (1967). A Short History of Linguistics. London: Longmans. 22. Saussure (de)‚ F. (1959). Course in General Linguistics. London: Fontana. 23. Trubetzkoy‚ N. (1969). Principles of Phonology. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. 24. Twaddell‚ W.F. (1935). ‘On defining the phoneme’. Language Monograph No 16. 25. Weinreich‚ U. (1954). ‘Is a structural dialectology possible?’ In: Word 10‚ pp.388-400. 26. Wells‚ R.S
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Paper I : Poetry-I Unit 1 : Explanations with reference to the context from the starred texts Geoffrey Chaucer : “General Prologue”* to The Canterbury Tales The Nun’s Priest’s Tale John Donne : “The Canonization* “A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning” “The Sunne Rising” “The Ecstasie”* : Paradise Lost‚ Book I : Essay on Man* : “Introduction” “Earth’s Answer” “The Tyger”* “London” (from Songs of Experience) Unit 2 : Unit 3 : John Milton Unit 4 : Alexander Pope William Blake
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Table of Contents Introduction………………….………………………………………………..2 1. The Literature Review……….……………………………….……….…….…...4 2.1. Phonetics and Phonology ………………………………………………......4 2.2. Phoneme and Allophone…..…………………………………………….….5 2.3. Voiceless Plosive Consonants …………………………………....………..7 2.4. Aspiration and Degrees of Aspiration ……………………………….…….9 2.5. Spoken Discourse…………….…………………………………………….12 2. Research Results and Discussions……………………………………………....15 3
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English Phonetics and Phonology: An Introduction [ILLUSTRATED] (Paperback) by Philip Carr (Author) "Speech sounds are made by modifying an airstream..." (more) Key Phrases: word stress assignment‚ realizational differences‚ academic banter‚ Scottish English‚ English Phonemes‚ Standard English Phonology • Phonetics -- What are the sounds? How are they made in the mouth? • Phonology -- How do sounds combine? How are they memorized? Speaker’s Mind → Speaker’s Mouth → Listener’s Ear
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the Style of Verbal Art. Their Characteristic Features. 6. Linguostylistic categories. Stylistic layers of the vocabulary. THEORETICAL PHONETICS 1. Lexicological Phonetics. 2. The Basic Tunes in English. 3. Segmental Phonology. The Phoneme and Its Definition. Phonotactics. Consonant Clusters (initial & medial). 4. Philological Phonetics. 5. Prosodic Features of Speech. Paralinguistic Features of Speech. (Voice Qualities & Voice Qualifications LEXICOLOGY 1. Word-Groups
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combinations of internalized language. b. Linguistic performance: The behavior of actually producing the language. 9. What is meant by discussing language in terms of form‚ content‚ and use? a. Form in language refers to phonology‚ syntax and morphology‚ content is the actual meaning of the words and use involves the skill and the purpose for the communication. 10. Given the number of ways a message can be perceived‚ the probability of distortion of a given message is high
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INTRODUCTION It is undeniable that English is not an easy language to learn. Malaysian ESL students oftentimes find English to be rather confusing and difficult to learn. Pronunciation seems to trip most students up. Though the English language syllabus makes room for pronunciation skills to be included in classroom practices‚ many often have problems with the pronunciation of certain words. According to Abbas and Muhammad Reza (2011)‚ many ESL learners have “major difficulties” with English pronunciation
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