This Piece of work will discuss behavioural techniques such as flooding‚ systematic desensitisation‚ aversion therapy‚ behaviour shaping and token economy. Behaviourists believe that behaviour is learnt and therefore can be unlearnt (Gross‚ 1996). Behaviourism is mainly concerned with observable behaviour‚ as opposed to inner events like thinking and emotions (Mcleod‚ 2007). Behavioural therapists focused on using the same learning approaches that led to the development of the undesirable behaviours
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conditioning can be used to influence certain behaviors as well as to decrease certain behaviors (Kirsch & Lynn‚ 2004). This is done when punishments or reinforcements are used to adapt or eliminate a specific behavior (including fear‚ anxiety and phobias). Reinforcements can be used strengthen or increase a behavior that accompanies the reinforcement (Barash‚ 2005). Positive reinforcers are events or outcomes that are presented after the behavior‚ thus allowing for better or continuous behavior. Children
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days later when he was presented with a rabbit‚ Santa’s coat‚ dog and Watson’s hair‚ Albert showed a generalisation of his conditioned response of fear to these objects. This study prompted Watson to conclude that phobias are most likely conditioned responses. He stated that phobias are either a fear of an original stimulus or the fear has been transferred to other stimuli as one grows older. Watson through his experiment with ‘Little Albert’ believed that conditioned fears persist and modify behaviour
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suffered ones start feeling phobias from everyday life such as the phobia of living in confined spaces. According to this theory when individual become aware about the inevitability of ones death‚ he start suppressing his thoughts‚ fear of death anxiety. He becomes more strict and instinctive to their thoughts. This suppression leads to more exploration toward exterior beliefs. This could be cultural belief. There range is from simply think of death to severe or extreme phobias and threatening actions
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In the article “Panic Attacks” from Sciencedaily.com‚ a panic attack is described as a sudden feeling of extreme fear or distress. There are a number of reasons why panic attacks occur. Panic attacks are usually triggered by exposure to a phobia. For example‚ someone with arachnophobia could have a panic attack upon sight of a spider. They can also be triggered by nicotine or caffeine. The symptoms of panic attacks include increased heart rate‚ dizziness‚ feeling of choking‚ and chills or hot
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neutral stimulus becomes conditioned and is producing conditioned responses (e.g. fear). Operant Conditioning can reinforce Maladaptive behaviour. Phobias can be maintained through attention‚ for example‚ when a child displays anxiety towards the rat‚ the attention the parents give the child reinforces the fear of the rat making it harder for the phobia to be overcome. Some people would say that learning the environment can also cause psychopathological disorders by seeing others get rewards for
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that the participants with a positive mood performed better than those in a negative mood and the neutral mood sample performed averagely. They also performed an experiment with people who have a spider phobia or an exam phobia. These people were asked to answer problems with their corresponding phobia (spider or exam). This is a very fascinating type of internal distraction that
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Avoiding Conflict Style Uncomfortable with conflict regardless of the condition which exist inside the organization. Tend to prefer working in subordinate role or to be focused on a specific skill. Very accomplished at their task‚ can be counted upon to complete what is required of them. Do not like having responsibility for making decisions‚ but will make sure decisions are carried out. Professions that fit well into this class are accountants‚ salespeople‚ fund raisers. Skill Set Qualities Good
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using classical conditioning to try and understand the origins of different fears and phobias. They observed the behaviour of a boy named Albert and found that he took a liking to a white rat and did not demonstrate any fear when subjected to the rat; the only thing that he expressed any fear of was a loud noise which would make him cry. They combined the loud noise with the rat which he later developed a phobia of. Both experiments demonstrate the effects of classical conditioning. Classical conditioning
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bugs and insects. It can make lives very difficult. One way to tell if you have this phobia is if you have symptoms such as “nausea‚ shaking‚ trembling‚ headaches‚ crying‚ screaming at the sight of bugs. Going to great lengths to avoid bugs and insects.”‚ according to www.fearof.net. According to changethatsrightnow.com‚ it can be overcome using simple but effective treatments. I’ll also tell you about why this phobia exists and how many people have it. You’ll know everything you need to know about
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