Syllabus for GPAT - 2013 PHARMACEUTICS Introduction to Physical pharmacy Matter‚ Properties of Matter: State of matter‚ change in the state of matter‚ latent heats and vapor pressure‚ sublimationcritical point‚ Eutectic mixtures‚ gases‚ aerosols-inhalers‚ relative humidity‚ liquid. Complexes‚ liquid crystals‚ glassy state‚ solids- crystalline‚ amorphous and polymorphism. Micromeretics and Powder Rheology: Particle size and distribution‚ average particle size‚ number and weight distribution‚ particle
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The tablet was positioned on the tongue and after that the tongue was quietly moved. The time needed for the elimination of any fragment of the tablet was measured with a stopwatch and recorded as a disintegration time (DT) (97). 2.3.11In vivo pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers 2.3.11.1Study
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framework. This drug has particular interest because of the gastroenterology nursing environment the author works in. Discussion based around the drug framework will include‚ structure‚ formulation‚ indications for use‚ pharmacodynamic effect‚ pharmacokinetic effects‚ contraindications‚ adverse reaction‚ interactions with other drugs and lastly monitoring‚ ethical and legal issues relating to Omeprazole. Omeprazole is the generic name given to the drug‚ it is also commonly known as Losec (trade
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GE NER ATIO NS – Journal of the American Society on Aging By Andrew M. Geller The Susceptibility of Older Adults to Environmental Hazards Linking exposure‚ processing of contaminants in the body‚ and effects for health promotion. J oan Flood represents nine communities in Pittsburgh’s East End that have close to 20 percent of the city’s older population. At a “public listening session on aging and the environment‚” part of a series sponsored by the United States Environmental
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of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is also abused widely in society. There has been considerable effort to educate children concerning the potential problems of abuse and addiction to the drugs. The close parallel between the pharmacokinetic behavior produced by the drugs used in the treatment of ADHD with cocaine‚ methamphetamine and other abused central nervous system stimulants raises concerns about addiction and cross-substitution of addictive properties between different stimulant
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Therapeutics and Politics of Medical Marijuana” Mayo Clinic Proceedings Volume 87 Issue 2. February 2012: pages 172-186. Print. Bostwick’s article is a very detailed account of the history of marijuana‚ recreational uses and dangers of misuse‚ the pharmacokinetics involved with endocannabinoid system‚ federal and state barriers to administration and use‚ as well as currently available forms and types of cannabis use. He suggests that “the smoked herb is highly effective against a vast array of diseases
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A) Long-acting beta agonist: Beta-agonists (Beta2-agonists) are the medications that affect smooth muscles surrounding airways.1 In an irritated state of lung‚ muscles around the airways are constricted; these kinds of drugs can influence these muscles and make them relaxed‚ which brings about widening of airway and leads to comfortable breath (“easier breathing”1).1 They are categorized into two subtypes according to their duration time of action‚ including long-acting and short-acting. They can
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Every drug crosses the placenta so there is no real barrier. Drugs are classified on a scale of A-D and X to determine the safety of use during pregnancy based on their ability to harm the fetus. Pharmacokinetic factors Competition for protein binding sites alteration of extracellular pH – used for overdose‚ or poisoning alkalinize urine to excrete acidic drugs. An adverse effect of a drug is a reaction to the drug that is not expected and can be life
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Pharmacodynamics Mechanisms of drug action: Drugs may act by: * A) Receptor mechanism: * Most drugs produce their action by binding to specific receptors located on the cell membrane (as adrenoceptors and cholinoceptors) or inside the cell (as steroid receptors). * This is the most important mechanism of drug action. * Drugs produce their effects by interacting with these receptors. * These drugs may be: a) Agonists: * Drugs have the affinity to bind with their
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Experimentation on animals was meant to provide innovative advancements to the development of drugs and safety of products. However‚ the use of animals in laboratory tests no longer fulfills its original purpose. While it is difficult to deny the medical advances that have been made possible due to animal testing‚ there are alternatives that are more cost-effective‚ reliable‚ and do not contribute toward the suffering of animals. Methods such as microdosing‚ in-vitro models‚ and in-silica computer
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