Sectarianism can broadly be defined as divisions within a group‚ such as different denominations within a religion‚ based on perceived differences. It does not necessarily result in conflict‚ but historically‚ sectarian divisions along religious and political lines have contributed to conflict. Sectarian religious conflict has contributed to some of the most intractable‚ bitter and painful episodes of aggression and persecution throughout history. For instance‚ conflict between Irish Catholics
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Kalabagh Dam: the question of alternatives THE rush to build the Kalabagh dam is taking General Musharraf and many of his supporters‚ including some born-again superpatriots‚ to heights of irrationality. As if the doctrine of necessity‚ which has provided the alibi for all military coups since the original one of Ayub Khan‚ was not enough‚ a new and much more sinister doctrine‚ that of indispensability‚ is being promoted. Its purpose is to justify the indefinite continuation of the present
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My son the fanatic Growing up with teenage attitudes and not having a role model around can make it difficult to be loved. The short story “My son the fanatic”‚ by Hanif Kureishi is set in 1997 in England. Ali has no one to look up to – He starts as an attentive scholar who got straight A’s‚ but turns into a dedicated Muslim‚ which gives Ali the opportunity to find it in his religion. We get to know Parvez‚ who is a Pakistani immigrant in England. He had an indignant experience with
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are grateful to Ms.Asma Hyder who was a great help in the project. She was always available to help us with the problem areas. She took out time for us at all times‚ putting her work aside therefore we thank her for the effort she has put into our project. Her encouragement has always inspired us as she helped us whenever we needed her help. She helped us in our problem areas all the time. It would have been a difficult task having to do our project without her help.
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Muhammad Abdullah EP 102022 BS 3rd Year Media in Pakistan: An Overview Pakistan has a vibrant media landscape; among the most dynamic in South Asia. To a large extent the media enjoys freedom of expression in spite ofpolitical pre ssure and direct bans sometimes administered by political stake-holders. More than 40 television channels beam soaps‚ satire‚ music programmes‚ films‚ religious speech‚ political talk shows‚ and news of the hour. Although sometimes criticised for being unprofessional
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PAKISTAN’S GEO-STRETAGIC IMPORTANCE Geo strategic:- Geo strategic means the importance of a country or a region as by virtue of its geographical location. Geo political is defined as‚ stressing the influence of geographic factors on the state power‚ international conduct and advantages it derives from its location. Stephen Cohn describes this importance “While history has been unkind to Pakistan‚ its geography has been its greatest benefit. It has resource rich area in the north-west‚ people
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Oumar Diallo Professor Grisham Political Science 123 17 November 2012 Kashmir Conflict (India and Pakistan) The Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan dates back to the independence of both countries in 1947. The territory of Kashmir was at the time mostly Muslim but with a Hindu ruler‚ and it was unclear whether Kashmir would join with Pakistan or India. Eventually Kashmir would join India which led to a dispute between India and Pakistan with both claiming that Kashmir belongs to
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Al-Qaeda‚ Osama bin Laden was the key target of the United States. When the Afghan government refused to hand over‚ USA decided to invade Afghanistan (Channel). On twenty-second September 2006‚ President Parvez Musharraf confided that United States threatened Pakistan. In an interview‚ Musharraf said "The intelligence director told me that Mr Armitage said‚ ’Be prepared to be bombed. Be prepared to go back to the Stone Age ’‚" (Beale). But before US could go on with its claims‚ Pakistan had accepted
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310 8 Crises group Interview in International Crises Group‚ “Reforming Pakistan’s Civil Service” Asia Report No185‚ ICG Report (2010) 9 Jamshed Khan‚ Asmat Ullah Wazir “Civil-Military Imbalance in the Administration of Pakistan: A Case Study of Musharraf Era” The Dialogue‚ Volume: VI‚ No. 2 (2011): 148-160 10 Dr 12 Dawn news paper article “In Pakistan‚ policy-making is largely done by bureaucracy” Amel Ghani January 26‚ 2014 13 Spark notes for US Bureaucracy
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Amendment 2. Amendments passed during Junejo’s regime under the influence of Gen Zia 3.8. 8th Amendment 3.9. 9th Amendment 3.10. 10th Amendment 3.11. 11th Amendment 3. Amendments passed during Nawaz‚ Benazir and Musharraf regime 4.12. 12th Amendment 4.13. 13th Amendment 4.14. 14th Amendment 4.15. 15th Amendment 4.16. 16th Amendment 4.17. 17th Amendment 4. Amendment passed during Zardari’s regime 5.18. 18th Amendment
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