range land remain at the foundation of agriculture. In the past century there has been increasing concern to identify and quantify various forms of agriculture. In the developed world the range usually extends between sustainable agriculture (e.g. permaculture or organic agriculture) and intensive farming (e.g. industrial agriculture).Modern agronomy‚ plant breeding‚ pesticides and fertilizers‚ and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation‚ and at the same time have caused
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processes involved in transforming raw materials into foods and transforming nutrients into health outcomes‚ all of which functions as a system within biophysical and sociocultural contexts. (Sobal‚ et al. 1998) The global taco from ’Permaculture: A Beginners Guide’ by Graham Burnett How do we measure effectiveness of urban food systems? • Health equity dimension • Sustainable urban food systems “3 days’ supply” Portland Regional Food Economy Food logistics • • • • • • •
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still the most common means of raising livestock. In the developed world‚ industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture has become the dominant system of modern farming‚ although there is growing support for sustainable agriculture (e.g. permaculture or organic agriculture). Modern agronomy‚ plant breeding‚ pesticides and fertilizers‚ and technological improvements have sharply increased yields from cultivation‚ but at the same time have caused widespread ecological damage and negative human
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from Mollison‚ B. (1998) 2. ESD. (2003)‚ Brundtland Report‚ [Website]. Encyclopedia of Sustainable Development. Available: http://www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/aric/eae/Sustainability/Older/Brundtland Report.html [2003‚ 29/06/2003] 3. Mollison‚ B.‚ (1998)‚ Permaculture: A Designer’s Manual‚ Tyalgum‚ NSW‚ Tagari Publications 4. Rao‚ M. 2004 5. Soto‚ H. D. (2000)‚ The mystery of capital: why capitalism triumphs in the West and fails everywhere else: Basic Books‚ New York.
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debating ethical issues. The thought of studying issues of such overwhelming importance still fills me with awe. Environmental Studies continue to give substance to the issues that are continually significant to me‚ such as biofuels‚ soil science‚ permaculture and policy. I am vehement about pollution and waste management practices/solutions now for our Island‚ polluted runoff is the greatest threat to Hawai`i’s surface and ground water quality. Polluted runoff‚ or nonpoint source pollution‚ results
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economy as well as the growing urbanization and poverty that is taking place‚ and unemployment is affecting people exponentially. The increase of urban farms would impact the local ecosystem greatly. Urban farming is premised on the paradigm of permaculture‚ which is defined as any system of sustainable agriculture that renews natural resources and enriches local systems. Essentially it aims to create stable‚ productive systems that provide for human needs‚ harmoniously integrating the land with its
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ORGANIC FARMING (Farming without the addition of artificial chemicals.) Organic farming can be defined by the proactive‚ ecological management strategies that maintain and enhance soil fertility‚ prevent soil erosion‚ promote and enhance biological diversity‚ and minimize risk to human and animal health and natural resources. It can also be defined as Vegetable and livestock production using natural sources of nutrients (such as compost‚ crop residues‚ and manure) and natural methods of crop and
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Hydrological cycle or water cycle : This is a global circulation of water. (closed system) Closed system : This means that there is a fixed amount of water in the system. Stores 1. The atmosphere 2. The land 3. The sea Flows (or transfers) 1. Evaporation 2. Condensation 3. Overland flow 4. Throughflow Drainage basins : Every river has this system‚it is small-scale of hydrological cycle. (open system ) Open system : The amount of water in the system in the basin varies over time. Discharge
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St. Hansgården is an after school program that provides a learning environment in which children can interact directly with nature. It features a permaculture farm‚ a forest garden‚ livestock‚ a café‚ and much more. We chose to focus our case study on this stop due to the diverse community St. Hansgården both serves and cultivates. The program is located in the Lund municipality of Sweden. It is open from 2:00 to 6:00 PM for kids within the school district. The program takes the opportunity to not
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this practice would socially acceptable in order to contribute to the debate of food security. To investigate the attitudes towards urine‚ interviews were conducted with farmers who consult with the UmBumbulu Agri-Hub and at the Newlands Mashu Permaculture Learning Centre (NMPLC). These interviews were done in order to find out their views of urine and its possibility on integrating ecological sanitation‚ more specifically urine reuse in their programmes. Preliminary results illustrate that individuals’
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