SOIL POLLUTION INTRODUCTION Soil is the thin layer of organic and inorganic materials that covers the Earth’s rocky surface. The organic portion‚ which is derived from the decayed remains of plants and animals‚ is concentrated in the dark uppermost topsoil. The inorganic portion made up of rock fragments‚ was formed over thousands of years by physical and chemical weathering of bedrock. Productive soils are necessary for agriculture to supply the world with sufficient
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HSC BIOLOGY TOPIC 2: BLUEPRINT OF LIFE HSC BIOLOGY TOPIC 2: BLUEPRINT OF LIFE 1) Evidence of evolution suggests that the mechanisms of inheritance‚ accompanied by selection‚ allow change over many generations. 1.1.1 Outline the impact of evolution of plants and animals of: * Changes in physical conditions in the environment * Changes in chemical conditions in the environment * Competition for resources
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SECTION A: SIMILARITIES‚ DIFFERENCES‚ AND DEFINITIONS Gametes are mature haploid reproductive cells that unite to form a zygote that develops into a new individual. Gametes are also called sex cells. An egg or ovum is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete whereas a sperm is a male haploid reproductive cell. A zygote is the initial cell that is formed as a result of the union of a male and a female gamete by means of sexual reproduction. The two haploid cells merge
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Unit 2 Lecture Study Guide – 1) What are the parts of an atom? Where are the subatomic particles found? a) Protons‚ neutrons‚ and electrons b) Protons and neutrons are located in the center of an atom in the nucleus and the electrons are located around the nucleus. 2) How does the Atomic Mass # differ from the Atomic #? The atomic mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an element and the atomic number is the number of protons that it has. 3)
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reaction is called which of the following? A. Dehydration synthesis. B. Hydrogenation. C. Hydrolysis. D. Oxidation. What is a nucleotide composed of? A. Nitrogenous base‚ 6 carbon sugar and a phosphate group. B. Nitrogenous base‚ 5 carbon sugar and a phosphorus group. C. Nitrogenous base‚ 5 carbon sugar and a phosphate group. D. None of the above. Enzymes work as catalysts by doing which of the following? A. Decreasing the activation energy. B. Increasing the activation energy. C. Allostericallly controlling
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Introduction To Central Nervous System Neuropharmacology SPH 3014 Introduction to CNS • CNS is composed of brain and spinal cord. • Primary function are to coordinate and control the activity of other body systems. • Involved the synaptic processes which release different kind of neurotransmitters – Ach‚ NE‚ Serotonin‚ Dopamine etc – Some mental illnesses & pathological conditions are associated with abnormal changes in the amount or activity of neurotransmitter – Many drugs that
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Abstract: Antibiotics are among the most frequently prescribed medications in modern medicine. Antibiotics cure disease by killing bacteria and keeping them from reproducing. Penicillin was the first antibiotic‚ discovered accidentally from a mold culture. Presently‚ over 100 different antibiotics are available in the market to cure minor discomforts as well as lifethreatening infections. Antibiotics are very useful in a wide variety of infections‚ but they only treat bacterial infections. Antibiotics
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for ZPS-induced T-cell proliferation in vitro (15). Recently‚ it was shown that ZPSs are processed to lowmolecular-weight carbohydrates by a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism in endosomes and locate in the major histocompatibility complex class II pathway (5‚ 15). The effect of the ZPS-mediated expression of HLA-DR and costimulatory molecules on the APC and T-cell engagement and subsequent T-cell activation has not been elucidated. Herein‚ we report that ZPS-mediated induction of HLA-DR-surface expression
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Jaundice (also known as icterus;[1] from the Greek word ίκτερος‚ attributive adjective: icteric) is a yellowish pigmentation of the skin‚ the conjunctival membranes over the sclerae (whites of the eyes)‚ and other mucous membranes caused by hyperbilirubinemia (increased levels of bilirubin in the blood).[2] This hyperbilirubinemia subsequently causes increased levels of bilirubin in the extracellular fluid. Concentration of bilirubin in blood plasma is normally below 1.2 mg/dL (50µmol/L) leads to
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------------------------------------------------- Glossary acids molecules that have a pH level less than 7‚ dissociate in water‚ and release hydrogen ions (H+) action potential the electrical potential determined by unequal ion distribution when a particular site on the neuron membrane is conducting an impulse; normally about +40 millivolts activation energy the amount of energy required before a chemical reaction can occur; this amount is reduced when an enzyme is present active process
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