important roles in progression of cells from G1 to S phase. CDK4 and CDK6 partner with the family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cycling dependent kinases enzymes (a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules‚ such as ATP to specific substrates). Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma releases transcription factors‚ inducing gene expression and metabolic changes that precede DNA replication‚ thus allowing the cell
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Basically all definitions in bold print CH 2 Timeline of the search of genetic material- all of the scientists involved‚ their experiments‚ the conclusion of their experiments Composition and structure of purines and pyrimidines (sugar‚ bases‚ phosphate groups‚ role of phosphodiester bonds‚ bonds between bases) Experiments and scientists responsible for the discovery of the structure of DNA (Chargraff‚ Franlin‚ Wilkins‚ Watson Crick) Features of the DNA double helix Compacting DNA in chromosomes-
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environment and respond to any changes. If there is a change the receptor will send signals along the afferent pathway to the control center‚ the second mechanism involved in regulation. It is here that the control center establishes a set point at which the variable is to be maintained. One a set point is determined‚ the control center is able to send information along the efferent pathway to the third mechanism; effector which responds to the stimulus instructed by the control center. Feedback is
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INTRO TO PHYSIOLOGY I. Physiology – the science (study) of body function a. Uses biochemistry‚ cell biology‚ genetics‚ chemistry and physics b. Can be applied to study the cell‚ organ‚ system‚ or organism (whole-body) II. Cell – smallest living unit c. Can individually carry out it’s own basic life processes d. Specialized functions make their working together important to whole body operation III. Major tissue types (tissue = group of similar functioning
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consist of a carbon bonded to hydrogen and a hydroxyl group. | D. | Carbohydrates contain glycerol. | E. | None of the above | Answer choice A 1.A five-carbon sugar is known as a A. | glutamine. | B. | glucose. | C. | hexose. | D. | pentose. | E. | None of the above | Answer choice D Oils and fats A. | form membranes. | B. | are triglycerides. | C. | all contain the same fatty acids. | D. | are good for you in large amounts. | E. | have glycosidic linkages. | Answer
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w w w e tr .X m eP UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS GCE Advanced Subsidiary Level and GCE Advanced Level e ap .c rs om MARK SCHEME for the June 2004 question papers 9700 BIOLOGY 9700/01 9700/02 9700/03 9700/04 9700/05 9700/06 Paper 1 (Multiple Choice)‚ maximum raw mark 40 Paper 2 (Theory 1)‚ maximum raw mark 60 Paper 3 (Practical 1)‚ maximum raw mark 25 Paper 4 (Theory 2 (A2 Core))‚ maximum raw mark 60 Paper 5 (Practical 2 (A2))‚ maximum raw mark 30 Paper 6 (Options
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your paper: •Complete descriptions of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration. •Describe how these two processes are linked between plants and animals based on the reactants and products (water‚ carbon dioxide‚ glucose and oxygen) of both pathways. •Include a description of how energy is transferred from sunlight to ATP‚ from ATP to sugars‚ and from sugars to your cells. Photosynthesis is the process whereby plants utilize C02‚ H2O and Sunlight to create food in the form of a sugar called
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Autumn White Biology 258-05 November 26‚ 2012 Unknown #19 Enterbacteriaceae Enterobacter aerogenes ABSTRACT The objective of this report was to identify an unknown microorganism through several differential media tests. Over the course of a couple weeks‚ ten tests were performed. First‚ a gram stain was performed‚ indicating the bacterium was gram negative. An aerotolerance test determined that the bacterium was a facultative anaerobe. Next‚ a negative result in the
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CHAPTER 6 (SECTION 6.3) Bonding Carbon- 4 bonds attached Oxygen- 2 bonds attached Hydrogen- 1 bond attached Purines vs. Pyrimidines Purines- adenine & guanine Pyrimidines- cytosine‚ thymine (DNA)‚ uracil (RNA) Pentose vs. Hexose sugars Pentose- 5 carbon atoms Hexose- 6 carbon atoms Carbohydrates Empirical Formula CH2O Hydrolysis vs. Condensation Reactions Hydrolysis- using water to break down protein into amino acids Condensation Reaction- nucleotides Enzymes- a protein
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Exopolymeric substances are required for Calcium carbonate precipitation Abstract: Introduction: Different minerals precipitation by microbes is a common phenomenon‚ and carbonates are most common mineral formed. Many micro-organisms are having the ability in undergoing the process of mineralization‚ although different minerals have been precipitated by microbes which include carbonates‚ sulphates‚ silicates etc [1]. Amongst all these‚ carbonates are the most common minerals formed. Carbonate precipitation
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