Categories There are several antimicrobial agents to treat infections. Beta-lactams are the types ending in “illin” and those beginning with “ceph” or “cef” such as penicillin and the cephalosporin. The mechanism of action is the inhibition of bacterial cell growth by interference with cell wall synthesis‚ which bind to and inactivate the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) (Arcangelo & Peterson‚ 2013). Another antimicrobial category is aminoglycosides‚ which usually ends with “mycin” or “cin” such as gentamicin
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Arguments against testing The critics of animal testing base their argument on the grounds of morality‚ the necessity or the validity of this procedure‚ whether proper authority to perform such tests is granted‚ whether such tests are actually needed and whether such tests practically provide us with any useful information. The supporters of animal rights say that animals have the right to live their own life peacefully; and we are not allowed to meddle with them just because we can. (Alternatives
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Chase Sigler‚ a senior double major in chemistry and human biology‚ recently presented the chemistry research he has been working on for the last three semesters at a conference hosted by the American Chemical Society. Jerry Easdon‚ professor of chemistry‚ said around sixteen thousand people typically attend the ACS conference. Close to two thousand of those in attendance are undergraduate‚ Easdon said and “many of them are presenting their senior research at a poster session‚ just like Chase did
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all‚ we would like to say thanks to God‚ for giving me the strength and health to do this project work until it done. Not forgotten to our family for providing everything‚ such as money‚ to buy anything that are related to this project work and their advise‚ which is the most needed for this project‚ Internet‚ books‚ computers and all that as our source to complete this project. They also supported us and encouraged us to complete this task so that we will not procrastinate
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disturbances. Antibiotics: Antibiotics fight bacteria in the human body. It is used to treat different types of infections such as ear infection‚ bladder infection‚ pneumonia and salmonella. Some individuals might be allergic to penicillin so they have to take non based penicillin antibiotic. The possible side effects of antibiotics are: fungal infection such as thrust‚ sores on your mouth‚ fever‚ swollen glands‚ joint pain‚ muscle weakness‚ severe blistering‚ peeling and red skin rash‚ yellow skin‚ yellowing
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Unethical Research Practices Unethical research is commonly found within pharmaceutical companies. In a hurry to get new drugs to market‚ companies will often cut corners during the research process. Pharmaceutical companies will spend millions of dollars on drug research‚ but very little on unethical drug promotion (Parmar‚ Jalees‚ 2004). The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader of how unethical research practices can lead to death from both past and present case studies. Present Rizwan
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It’s side effect include vomiting‚ diarrhea‚ skin rash and may be seizures. Patient who show allergy to penicillin may be show allergic activity. (1) Imipenem is a broad spectrum antibiotic in the carbapenem class‚ it is administered as IV or IM. It works by interfering with the synthesis of bacterial cell walls‚ breaking the walls down and killing the bacteria
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CHAPTER 10 MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE 10.1 Microbes in Household Products 10.2 Microbes in Industrial Products 10.3 Microbes in Sewage Treatment 10.4 Microbes in Production of Biogas 10.5 Microbes as Biocontrol Agents 10.6 Microbes as Biofertilisers Besides macroscopic plants and animals‚ microbes are the major components of biological systems on this earth. You have studied about the diversity of living organisms in Class XI. Do you remember which Kingdoms among the living
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bacteria to be resistant to certain antibiotics. The mecA gene does not allow the ring-like structure of penicillin-like antibiotics to bind to enzymes that help form the cell wall of bacterium (transpeptidases)‚ so the bacteria continues to replicate normally. The gene encodes the protein known as PBP2A (penicillin-binding protein 2A). PBP2A has a low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics‚ such as penicillin and methicillin. This action enables transpeptidase in the prescence of beta-lactams. It prevents
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The Rise of the Superbugs A Superbug is a bacterium that can live in the human body and has the ability to withstand all forms of antibiotic medication. Superbugs are becoming increasingly significant in modern medicine as they are becoming more and more resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotics were discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming (Walsh and McManus‚ 2000). This resulted in a huge movement forward in medical history and even greatened human life expectancy. Since then antibiotics have been
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