Geert Hofstede vs. Fons Trompenaars Introduction How do we market in different cultures? Although we have done many researches about the different cultures‚ marketing‚ which is as a discipline‚ has lagged behind other researches in recognizing the need for it. Before we have found the importance of marketing in different cultures‚ usually‚ the approach for marketing was too simple‚ and we often use the economic theory to explain facts and solve problems‚ however‚ international marketing and
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democracy and capitalism. Rostow‚ an American sociologist‚ created the five stages of the development ladder. The first stage of development is‚ ‘traditional societies’‚ which is when the country identifies that values such as patriarchy‚ ascription‚ particularism‚ affective-relationship and collectivism all limit their prospect of change and modernity. The second stage‚ ‘pre-conditions for takeoff’‚ is when western values and expertise are introduced into the country and the industrialisation process begins
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relation) vs Autonomy Intellectual Autonomy – creativity‚ phil. Argument Affective – ind. Postitive exp make ind feel gd (quality of life) Hierarchy vs Egalitarianism Mastery vs Harmony Trompenaars’ Dimensions of Culture (1993) – Universalism vs Particularism eg. Business contract (right or wrong) Ind. Vs Communitarianism = Collectivism Specificity vs Diffusion (How separate we keep private and working) Achievement vs Ascription(Prove to receive status or given to us since born) Inner vs Outer (Direction)(Control
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Chapter 1 Developing Self-Awareness 29) To become a better manager‚ what is one of the first things one should do? A) Improve one’s communication skills B) Seek knowledge of oneself C) Manage one’s time better D) Empower one’s employees 30) How should managers know and accept others? A) Be an enigma to themselves B) Work toward self-denial and unselfishness C) Work toward self-awareness and self-acceptance D) Work toward self-reverence and reflection 31) How can the enigma of self-awareness
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>Evolutionism/Diffusionism: All societies pass through a series of stages. Lewis Morgan: Proposed that societies progress from inferior to superior under 3 stages: salvages‚ barbarians and civilized >American Historicism or Historical Particularism: The collection of ethnographic facts through direct fieldwork must precede the development of cultural theories. Franz Boas: Dedicated to physical anthropology‚ geography and ethnology as taught on Germany. Jan 22 French Structiralis
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Chung really operated under the established norms for Taiwanese culture. Chung was trying to build up a good relationship with the Taiwanese clients – to do so he tried to use some of the Chinese management principles: * Paternalism * Particularism * Insecurity In addition to that‚ Ted Chung was using kinds of social networks in order to build up good relationships to his clients and furthermore to establish himself in the community of “Chinese Culture in North America”. As prestige
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THE LAST SPEECH OF PRESIDENT NAPOLITANO : BETWEEN FARAWELL AND WARNINGS. Italian President of Republic‚ Giorgio Napolitano delivered a special speech on New Year’s Eve. He starts confirming the assumptions on his resignation‚ but he also directed strong words of warning to Italian politicians and of hope to citizens. 31st December is the day when leading political figures traditionally welcome the new year with a reflection on the past one. In this occasion with a 21 minutes speech aired on television
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Title: Sectarian War: Pakistan’s Sunni-Shia Violence & Its Links to The Middle East. Author: Khaled Ahmed ISBN: 978-0-19-90-6593-6 Publisher: Oxford University Press Pages: 369 Price: PKR.550 By: Syed Haider Abbas The author of this book is Khaled Ahmed. Khaled Ahmed was in the Pakistan Foreign Service from 1969 to 1978. He left it to become a journalist of distinction in The Pakistan Times. He is a former consulting editor of Daily Times; resident editor of The Frontier Post; joint editor
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India is “Diversity”. The huge country covering 3‚3 million km2 is divers regarding religion‚ language and population‚ and is therefore hard to define. (Kobayashi-Hillary‚ Mark: 2004: 6) Regarding the Trompenaars´ first dimension Universalism vs. Particularism India is allocated to be particularistic-oriented. Indians focus on relationships rather than on the actual outcome. It is very important for them that they trust people before they agree to any contracts. Besides that‚ a contract is not considered
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Models • Sustainable Development (resources) Environmentaly sound Culturally appropriate Gender equal • Human development Development is a process of social change Science and technology play a significant role in the process Theories of Social and Technical change • Techno-determinism theory Technologies is the main drive for social change The universal application of technology has led to industrialization The technology caused significant changes in the economy politics
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