Investment decisions are essential for a business as they define the future survival‚ and growth of the organisation. The main objective of a business being the maximisation of shareholders’ wealth. Therefore a firm needs to invest in every project that is worth more than the costs. The Net Present value is the difference between the project’s value and its costs. Thus to make shareholders happy‚ a firm must invest in projects with positive NPVs. We shall start this essay with an explanation of the
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Running head: A COMPARISON OF EVA AND NPV A Comparison of EVA and NPV (discuss the differences and similarity of EVA and NPV; why would companies choose to adopt EVA‚ implementation issues; chronicle the implementation experience of EVA on a real life company). 1 A COMPARISON OF EVA AND NPV 2 A Comparison of EVA and NPV (discuss the differences and similarity of EVA and NPV; why would companies choose to adopt EVA‚ implementation issues; chronicle the implementation
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Investment appraisal is the planning process used to determine whether an organization’s long term investments such as new machinery‚ replacement machinery‚ new plants‚ new products‚ and research development projects are worth pursuing. It is budget for major capital‚ or investment‚ expenditures. Many formal methods are used in capital budgeting‚ including the techniques such as 1. Accounting rate of return 2. Net present value 3. Profitability index 4. Internal rate of return
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NPV Versus IRR W.L. Silber I. Our favorite project A has the following cash flows: -1000 0 0 1 0 2 +300 3 +600 4 +900 5 We know that if the cost of capital is 18 percent we reject the project because the net present value is negative: - 1000 + 300 600 900 + + = NPV 3 4 (1.18) (1.18) (1.18)5 - 1000 + 182.59 + 309.47 + 393.40 = -114.54 We also know that at a cost of capital of 8% we accept the project because the net present value is positive: - 1000 + 300 600 900
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Pan Europa’s Case Study Question 1: Given the current climate of Pan Europa’s corporation‚ the company must seek out invest opportunities to grow the company’s capital and revenue. For the past three years the net income has been tracking at a $2M-$12M loss. Fiscally Pan Europa’s financial decline has been in large of failure to brand and invest in a competitive market. Pan Europa’s future of remaining a viable business depends of taking on strategic projects that would restore strength in the company
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Payback Calculation Year Machine A $ Machine B $ 1 45‚000 25‚000 Part of 2 20‚000 (0.57 of 35‚000) 35‚000 Part of 3 - 25‚000 (0.45 of 55‚000) Investment 65‚000 85‚000 1 + 0.57 = 1.57 (Machine A has payback period of 1.57 years) 2 + 0.45 = 2.45 (Machine B has payback period of 2.45 years) Accounting Rate of Return Calculation Machine A $ Machine B $ Net Return 155‚000 205‚000 Total Return-Investment 155‚000 – 65‚000 = 90‚000 205‚000 – 85‚000 = 120‚000 Average Return 90
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 LIST OF FIGURES 2 LIST OF TABLES 2 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Executive Summary 3 1.2 Scope 3 1.3 Assumptions 3 1.4 Limitations 4 2. NATURE OF BUSINESS MODEL 4 3. KEY FINANCIAL ISSUES 4 3.1 Operational Costs: 5 3.2 Market Demand: 5 3.3 Charter Rates: 6 4. ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS & RISK MITIGATION STRATEGIES 6 4.1 SWOT Analysis 6 4.2 Alternative 1: Resale of Ship after 15 years of Operation 7 4.3 Alternative 2: Leasing or buying a Second hand Ship
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PAN EUROPA FOODS S.A C. Opitz and R.F. Bruner By Your Name Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Executive Summary: The report is to provide the shareholders with the firm’s capital budget for the new year‚ 1993. 11 projects will be examined and discussed. Projects will be chosen based on the most needed and urgent projects and based on budget. Exhibit3
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Case Study PAN EUROPA FOODS S.A C. Opitz and R.F. Bruner Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Problem Statement 3. Data Analysis 4. Alternative Analysis 5. Key Decisions Criteria 6. Recommendation 7. Action & Implementation Plan Executive Summary: The report summarizes Pan-Euorpa Food’s capital resource allocation budget for 1993 to present to stockholders. The board has presented 11 projects providing different needs and opportunities to grow the business. Exhibit
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Prepare a critical evaluation of three basic methods of evaluating an investment (IRR‚ Payback and NPV). There are several basic methods of evaluating an investments that are commonly used by decision makers in both private corporations and public agencies. Each of these measures is intended to be an indicator of profit or net benefit for a project under consideration. Some of these measures indicate the size of the profit at a specific point in time; others give the rate of return per period when
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