9.1.1 Define oxidation and reduction in terms of electron loss and gain. Oxidation: the loss of electrons Reduction: the gain of electrons 9.1.2 Deduce the oxidation number of an element in a compound. Always determine elements that never change their oxidation number then ensure the charge of whole molecule is right. N.B. Atoms in elemental state have oxidation numbers of 0 9.1.3 State the names of compounds using oxidation numbers. Example of this in iron‚ can be iron(II) or iron(III) 9.1.4 Deduce
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The purpose of this lab was to measure the reduction potentials of metals and to understand how a reduction-oxidation relationship works to produce spontaneity. Lastly‚ these results were used to determine the Faraday’s constant and Avogadro’s number by electrolysis‚ which is chemical decomposition produced by passing an electrical current through a solution with ions. The primary objective of part one of this experiment was to discover how the properties of an electrochemical cell works. An electrochemical
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Oxidation Lab Part 1: Purpose: You are going to investigate the ease with which different metals undergo oxidation and reduction. Materials: | 4 samples of each of: lead‚ zinc‚ iron‚ copper | spot plates steel wool/sand paper | | | | Solutions of: | copper(II) sulfate Ferric nitrate Silver nitrate Lead (II) nitrate | | Procedure: 1. Obtain 4 samples of each metal and clean with steel wool or sand paper. Wash your hands after cleaning the metals so you are not exposed to lead
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solution‚ MnO4- ion undergoes reduction to Mn2+ this is the equation: 8H+(aq) + Mno4-(aq) + 5e- Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O Since the KMnO4 – ion is violet and the Mn2+ ion is nearly colorless‚ the end point titrations using KMnO4 as the titrant can be taken as the first pink color that appears in the solution (and stays without disappearing). The titration which involves the oxidation of Fe2+ ion to Fe3+ by permanganate ion‚ is carried out in sulfuric acid to prevent air-oxidation of Fe2+ (we can them determine
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took place by using the oxidation numbers in the equation. Variables: 1. I cleaned the reaction surface to limit contamination 2. I held the chemicals at approximately a 90 degree angle for consistency Introduction: Redox reactions occur when both oxidation and reduction take place. All atoms can be assigned an oxidation number‚ which is a positive or negative number that help in determining the reducing and/or oxidizing agents in an equation. An increase in the oxidation number of an atom from
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Titus‚ Godley and White‚ 2006; Dennis‚ et al.‚ 2007) thus an alternative method to preventing further problems is the concept of harm reduction. This essay will thereby explore the strategies of harm reduction including its potential negative and positive aspects for injecting drug users and its relation to crime. Furthermore‚ it will explore extended harm reduction services specifically for drug users in Austria. Injecting drug use is acknowledged in 135 countries (UNODC‚ 2004) and is associated
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Harm Reduction paper Randy Jones Substance Abuse Counselling January 18‚ 2012 This paper will discuss the principles and position of harm reduction. It will also examine the public perception of the user‚ which has created an ineffective philosophy. Most importantly‚ my paper seeks to recognize the harm of harm reduction. This discussion will highlight the lack of hope it creates in the user. Harm reduction needs to be addressed so that a long-term solution for the user can be implemented‚ not
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INTRODUCTION For this experiment we studied an oxidation-reduction reaction of magnesium and hydrochloric acid solution. We compared the experimental measured amount of a product and the amount predicted by the theoretical calculation of a balanced equation: Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) PROCEDURE First we obtained a strip of pre-cut magnesium ribbon‚ cleaned it with steel wool to remove any signs of oxidation from the strip (which would alter our results)‚ and then weighed it (individual
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Running head: RESEARCH PAPER Harm Reduction and Substance Abuse Liberty University Abstract This paper examines how harm reduction is a theoretical model which has been proposed to address the harm which is caused by the behavior of an individual‚ not only to themselves‚ but also to the wider community. In particular‚ it looks at how the model has also provided a potential framework for dealing with substance abuse‚ and has been adopted in practice in many countries around the world. This
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“Abstinence Vs. Harm Reduction” “Drug policy regarding the control of the traditional illicit substances (opiates‚ cocaine‚ cannabis) is currently moving through upbeat times in almost all Western countries. Prohibition on the basis of repressive law enforcement not only seems to fail on a large scale‚ but also to create vast additional costs‚ problems‚ and harm for drug consumers‚ who often find themselves in extreme social‚ economic‚ and health conditions” (Fischer 1995: 389). Western countries
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