Cost of Quality (COQ) "The cost of quality." It’s a term that’s widely used – and widely misunderstood. The "cost of quality" isn’t the price of creating a quality product or service. It’s the cost of NOT creating a quality product or service. Every time work is redone‚ the cost of quality increases. Obvious examples include: The reworking of a manufactured item. The retesting of an assembly. The rebuilding of a tool. The correction of a bank statement. The reworking of a service‚ such as
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Opportunity cost Have you ever been in the situation deciding which cloth to buy? Have you ever facing the dilemma of to study or to play? Have you ever consider as a seller and choose to lower the price or raise it? In the field of economics‚ here’s a solution for you. The magic word is “opportunity cost”. Opportunity cost in terms of economy is the highest-value alternative one has to give up to engage in an activity. In other words‚ using the same resources such as money and time‚ the best
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Chapter 14 - Operational Performance Measurement: Sales and Direct-Cost Variances‚ and the Role of Nonfinancial Performance Measures 14-1 Pet Groom & Clean (PG&C) David Green is considering his operating statement for 2010‚ which is displayed in the table below. David is the manager of store number 88‚ where he began as one of the staff 6 years ago‚ and through hard work has risen to become manager of the store. The operating report shows his budgeted performance for the year and the actual results
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COST OF PRODUCTION CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Types of costs 3.1 Opportunity‚ implicit and explicit costs 3.2 Fixed and variable costs 3.3 Average costs 3. Types of cost curves 4.4 Marginal cost curve 4.5 Average cost curves 4. Costs in Short run and in the Long run 5.6 Short run 5.7 Long run 5.8 Economies of scale 5. Cost analysis in the real world 6.9 Economies of scope 6.10 Experiential
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Cost allocation for indirect costs Cost Pool – Set of costs that are added together before being allocated to cost objects on some common basis Cost Driver/ Allocation base Cost Object Cost Driver Rate = Total Costs in Pool/ Total Quantity of Driver Where total quantity of driver = practical capacity of driver Cost of excess capacity = Cost Driver Rate * Excess capacity Predetermined overhead rate - cost per unit of the allocation base used to charge overhead to products. Predetermined
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that incurs cost when producing a product or providing a service” (Kimmel‚ 2009‚ pg. 867). Very important detailed information on how these costs are processed through the company’s work flow. The activity-based costing system shows the company management all the deficiencies‚ where cost improvements are needed‚ and where prices need to be increase for future production or location planning. The other reasons that activity-based costing can be used are that these are variable costs. Under variable
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activities; c. Productive activities‚ such as finished goods transportation‚ storage‚ customer contact‚ order processing‚ etc. d. Sales activities to let customers understand and buying of goods‚ such as advertising‚ promotion‚ marketing agency costs‚ etc; e. Service activities‚ including training‚ repair‚ maintenance‚ components renewal etc‚ aiming at improving the added value of products. Auxiliary activities: a. Procurement activities‚ to refer to the purchase of used in enterprise value
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Lesson-13 Elements of Cost and Cost Sheet Learning Objectives • • • To understand the elements of cost To classify overheads on different bases To prepare a cost sheet Elements of Cost Raw materials are converted into finished products by a manufacturing concern with the help of labor‚ plants etc. The elements that constitute the cost of manufacturing are known as elements of cost. The elements of cost include the following: • • • Material Labor Expenses Each of these elements is again subdivided
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Chapter 1 Basic Cost Concepts Learning Objectives • To understand the meaning of different costing terms to understand different costing methods • To have a basic idea of different costing techniques • To understand the meaning of cost sheet In order to determine and take a dispassionate view about what lies beneath the surface of accounting figures‚ a financial analyst has to make use of different management accounting techniques. Cost techniques have a precedence over the other
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management statement not to exceed 100 words. 13-5. (Flotation costs and issue size) D. Butler Inc. needs to raise $14 million. Assuming that the market price of the firm’s stock is $95‚ and flotation costs are 10 percent of the market price‚ how many shares would have to be issued? What is the dollar size of the issue? Market price of the firms stock $95 Flotation cost 10 percent of market price Stock price is $95‚ so the flotation Costs are $9.50 (10% x $95) the firm receives $95 - 9.50 = $85
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