Discuss the relationship between stress and illness. Cohen et al investigated the role of life stress on a person’s vulnerability to the common cold. He gave his participants questionnaires to fill out on the number of stressful left events they had encountered in the previous year and asked them to rate their level of negative emotion and degrees of stress. From this he then created a “stress index”. The participants were exposed with the common cold and after 7 days the number of participants
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Research into the effects of stress on the immune system There have been various studies into the effects of stress on the immune system. Kiecolt-Glaser researches this by looking at how quickly wounds heal. She used 13 women aged 47-81 who cared for Alzheimer’s and Dementia sufferers. They had naturally occurring high stress levels‚ and this is why she chose them. The women were matched with volunteers for maximum similarity (the matched pairs design). Kiecolt-Glaser tested all the women’s
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Discuss the relationship between stress and the immune system (12) Cohen et al (1993) investigated the role of general life stress on the vulnerability to the common cold virus. 394 participants completed a questionnaire about the number of stressful events that occurred the previous year. They were also asked to rate the degree of stress and level of negative emotions. The three scores were combined together to make what Cohen called a stress index. The participants were then exposed to the common
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There is likely a connection between stress and illness. Theories of the stress–illness link suggest that both acute and chronic stress can cause illness‚ and several studies found such a link. According to these theories‚ both kinds of stress can lead to changes in behavior and in physiology. Behavioral changes can be smoking and eating habits and physical activity. Physiological changes can be changes in sympathetic activation or hypothalamic pituitary adrenocorticoid activation‚ and immunological
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does stress affect the immune system The immune system is designed to defend the body against millions of antigens that would otherwise invade it. None of these things are able to get in when your immune system is working efficiently‚ but the moment your immune system stops functioning properly‚ the opportunity for antigens to attack is available. Kiecolt-Glaser (1984) carried out a natural experiment investigating whether the stress of short-term stressors had an effect on immune system functioning
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extensive research into the link between stress and the immune system that shows that the link is indeed very strong with a positive correlation. The research is seen in the general adaptation syndrome‚ Stone’s experiment on stressful events and the links to symptoms‚ Cohen et al experiment on the common cold‚ and Keicolt Glaser who looked into immune function. Stress has been found to suppress the immune system allowing people to contract disease far faster than a person with less or no stress within
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Outline and evaluate research into types of attachment. Ainsworth conducted a study to observe types of attachment behaviours with occur between a mother and a child. She used observation to witness these behaviours. By placing the child in a set up play room with one way glass allowed natural behaviour to be observed without interference from the psychologist. Ainsworth used several situations including a mother a child and a stranger. Firstly the mother and the child entered the room‚ the child
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Outline and evaluate research into the effects of failure to form attachment (privation). Students are likely to describe cases of isolated children such as the Czech twins or Genie. Relevant studies of institutional care include Hodges and Tizard‟s longitudinal study of 65. British children from early life to adolescence and Rutter‟s study of Romanian orphans adopted by British families. Earlier research such as Skodak & Skeels or Spitz & Wolf may also be cited. Animal research‚ such as that of
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The Immune System The immune system is a group of cells‚ molecules‚ and tissues that help defend the body against diseases and other harmful invaders. The immune system provides protection against a variety of potentially damaging substances that can invade the body. These substances include disease-causing organisms‚ such as bacteria‚ fungi‚ parasites‚ and viruses. The body’s ability to resist these invaders is called immunity. A key feature of the immune system is its ability to destroy
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worry over. Family matters‚ money problems‚ boyfriends or girlfriends‚ and even the death of a loved one can add stress to an individual. As things keep adding up and the stress level keeps rising‚ some students may find themselves getting sick. Before the 1970’s there was no reason to believe that stress and the immune system had anything to do with each other. This relationship which was thought to be “non-existent” would soon be found to be real and affecting millions of people. The subject
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