Outline and evaluate restoration explanations for the functions of sleep [8 + 16] intro: Aleep is divided into several different stages. SWS and REM sleep are associated with particular benefits. Oswald (1980) proposed that each of these had different functions - slow wave sleep enables body repair and REM enables brain recovery. SWS – initiates body repair (Oswald) Growth hormone – important in childhood because it stimulates physical growth. Important throughout lifespan for protein synthesis
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Functionalist approach to Crime and Deviance Durkheim Functionalism sees society as based on value consensus. Functionalists argue that in order to achieve this solidarity‚ society has two key mechanisms: socialisation and social control (mechanisms include rewards positive sanctions for conformity‚ and punishments negative sanctions for deviance) The inevitability of crime Durkheim believes that crime is normal‚ and argues there are at least two reasons why crime and deviance are found
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For the Functionalists‚ education performs a positive function for all individuals in society and has a powerful influence over it. The education system serves the needs of an industrial society by providing a more advanced division of labour; socialising new generations into societies shared norms and values and‚ according to meritocratic criteria‚ allocates roles in. Education supposedly meets societies through three related economic roles; socialisation; allocation and vocational training.
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Outline and evaluate research into types of attachment. Ainsworth conducted a study to observe types of attachment behaviours with occur between a mother and a child. She used observation to witness these behaviours. By placing the child in a set up play room with one way glass allowed natural behaviour to be observed without interference from the psychologist. Ainsworth used several situations including a mother a child and a stranger. Firstly the mother and the child entered the room‚ the child
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Outline and evaluate research into the effects of failure to form attachment (privation). Students are likely to describe cases of isolated children such as the Czech twins or Genie. Relevant studies of institutional care include Hodges and Tizard‟s longitudinal study of 65. British children from early life to adolescence and Rutter‟s study of Romanian orphans adopted by British families. Earlier research such as Skodak & Skeels or Spitz & Wolf may also be cited. Animal research‚ such as that of
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December 2013 Crime Rates: Explanation for the Decline Introduction The United States is marked by criminal justice difficulties. In a nation as diverse as this country‚ it is complex to effectively establish a manner in which to deflect crime. Since the middle of the 20th century the crime rate soared quickly. This held true especially for violent crimes. However‚ since the 1980’s crime rates in the United States have felt a steep decline. According to the FBI Uniform Crime Report‚ the 2012
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especially if the model they were observing was also male‚ suggesting that individuals must first identify with a same-sex model in order for the behaviour to be replicated. However‚ this study may not fully explain the social learning theory explanation for the influence of media on anti-social behaviour. The bobo dolls are not real and therefore do not retaliate‚ which questions how valid the study is. Perhaps‚ if
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Describe and evaluate two treatments for unipolar depression (25 marks). It has been believed that psychological disorders‚ like physical illnesses‚ have organic causes. Therefore‚ mental disorders are treated just like physical ones. Earlier treatments have included things like trepanning which was carried out in the stone again. Nowadays we have much safer and effective treatments such as therapies and drug treatment. Low levels of both noradrenaline (nora) and serotonin (sero) have been
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Outline and assess sociological explanations of the relationship between age and crime The peak age for offending is between 15 and 18‚ with young males much more likely to offend than females. Young people have always been over-represented in the crime statistics‚ and in deviant activity in general. Official statistics show that roughly half of all those convicted are aged 21 or under‚ and a 2002 self-report survey found that almost half of Britain’s secondary school students admitted to having
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Psychology Outline and evaluate the multi-store model The MSM was created by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) who suggested that memory was comprised of three separate stores. They were; sensory memory‚ short term memory and long term memory. The model shows how information is transferred between the three stores. The model simply shows that when your are given information of environmental stimuli it will enter your sensory memory and only if you pay attention will it enter your short term memory‚
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