Spanning Tree Protocol • The Spanning Tree Protocol detects and prevents loops in bridged or switched internetworks by preventing some links from being used • Each Bridge has a unique bridge ID formed from concatenating a defined priority with one of the Bridge’s MAC addresses • The Spanning Tree Protocol starts by all bridges broadcasting Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) which informs all the other bridges of the transmitting bridge’s identity • The bridge with the lowest Bridge ID is elected
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Between TCP/IP and OSI Reference Model First we discuss‚ what is TCP\IP and OSI model‚ why they are introduced and where they are used. In the following Section OSI Reference models explained with all layers as well as their responsibilities. Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model): OSI reference model is now considered as a primary standard for internetworking and inter computing. Today many network communication protocols are based on the standards of OSI model. In the OSI model the network/data
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Ad Hoc Wireless Networks :Architectures and Protocols Description Appropriate for all communications engineering courses that cover ad hoc wireless network planning‚ design‚ deployment‚ or management. Ad hoc wireless networks bring together mobile devices without complex infrastructure‚ setup‚ or administration-and they have enormous commercial and military potential. Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols is the first book to address every major issue related to their design
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referring directly to applications themselves. a. | Application layer | c. | Session layer | b. | Physical layer | d. | Presentation layer | _c___ 4. The TCP/IP Application layer also is known as the ____ layer because this is where the protocol stack interfaces with applications or processes on a host machine. a. | Session | c. | Process | b. | Network | d. | Transport | _d___ 5.
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OSI Layers 1) Physical Layer: The physical layer is at the bottom of this model. It deals with crude data that is in the form of electrical signals. The data bits are sent as 0s and 1s. 0s correspond to low voltage signals and 1s correspond to high voltage signals. The mechanical aspects of communication‚ such as wires or connectors come under this layer. The physical layer also deals with how these wires‚ connectors‚ and voltage electrical signals work. Also‚ the process that is required for
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Scenarios for Context Aware SIP Name of Presenter : A T Kishore Date 2nd March‚ 2007 AGENDA IMS AND HOW IT RELATES TO THE TOPIC OF SIP AND CONTEXT Concept of SIP Service Delivery Scenarios Context –What is it? How to Achieve Context Awareness EU/Global initiatives on Ambient Networks Summary plus concluding statements 2 | Scenarios for Context Aware SIP | March 2007 All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2006‚ ##### What Is IMS? IP Multimedia Subsystem A standard Next-gen network
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Samuda University of Phoenix NTC/362 Week (3) To understand the importance of communication protocols‚ it’s necessary to understand what communication protocols are‚ and there purpose. A communication protocol is a formal description of various digital message formats and rules that are required to permit the exchange of messages in or between computing systems. Communications protocols are responsible for authentication‚ error correction and detection‚ and signaling. They also describe
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Zone Routing Protocol in Computer Networking (ZRP) Abstract Routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks have to face the challenge of frequently changing topology‚ low transmission power and asymmetric links. Both proactive and reactive routing protocols prove to be inefficient under these circumstances. The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) combines the advantages of the proactive and reactive approaches by maintaining an up-to-date topological map of a zone centered on each node. Within
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Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft‚ which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection. The user employs RDP client software for this purpose‚ while the other computer must run RDP server software. Clients exist for most versions of Microsoft Windows (including Windows Mobile)‚ Linux‚ Unix‚ Mac OS X‚ iOS‚ Android‚ and other modern operating systems. RDP servers are built into Windows operating systems;
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1) Distinguish between the FTP and TELNET protocols. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to transfer text files‚ programs‚ spreadsheets‚ and databases across the Internet. TELNET is a terminal emulation protocol used on TCP/IP-based networks. It allows users to run programs and review data from a remote terminal or computer. TELNET is an inherent part of the TCP/IP communications protocol. While both protocols deal with data transfer‚ FTP is useful for perusing a file of data as if the user were
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