Topic 2: Understanding Network Protocols I. What is a network? A computer network‚ or simply a network‚ is a collection of computers and other hardware interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. LAN - Connects devices within a single office or home or among buildings in an office park. The key aspect here is that LAN is owned entirely by a single organization. - In simplest conception‚ it consists of
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MEMORANDUM TO: Network Group FROM: Student SUBJECT: Security and the OSI Model The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Model is the basis on which network communications function. Every network application more or less adheres to the standards of the OSI Model. Each layer of the OSI model represents a level of network functionality. For each layer‚ there are different types of security to protect the network at that layer. The physical layer is the actual medium in which the data travels
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Introduction Prior to OSI‚ networking was largely either government-sponsored or vendor-developed and proprietary standards such as SNA and DECnet. In the UK work on the Experimental Packet Switched system circa 1973‚ the need to define so called higher level protocols above the HDLC link level communications protocol and the content of an NCC publication ’Why Distributed Computing’ resulting from considerable research into future configurations for computer systems resulted in the UK presenting
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The Kyoto Protocol was created to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that are supposedly affecting Earth’s climate change. The protocol calls for a five percent reduction of emissions by 2012 from what they were in 1990. Canada was given a goal of six percent by 2012‚ and a seventeen percent reduction by 2020 (Kyoto and Beyond). The six traces of gas blamed for global warming only make up one percent of the Earth’s atmosphere. Is one percent really going to make a difference in
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Kyoto Protocol In the world today there are talks about why and how the people of this planet are polluting the rivers‚ lakes‚ soil‚ and even air. With these talks countries are coming up with great ways to reduce this problem. They see the effects and they are happy and life goes on but there is another problem‚ the one the everyday people just can ’t solve with their own hands‚ that problem is the theory of global warming. During December of 1997‚ a meeting in Kyoto‚ Japan‚ started a huge
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What is the purpose of an OSI model? The purpose of an OSI model is a standard that was created for networks to share information. This standard governs the way information is transmitted over different networks. The model also sets guidelines to those in the manufacturing industry that create and develop software and hardware that are all compatible with each other. This paper will discuss and describe the 7 layers of the Open System Interconnection model (OSI model) and the layers of the Transport
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Layman View of OSI Reference Model (By Diganta Deka‚ Former Student‚ Proprietor-Trainer East India Technologies‚ Guwahati.)‚ diganta.deka@hotmail.com When we talk about computer networks and how computers operate in networks‚ things do not remain as simple as it seems to be. Here numerous protocols work in tandem for the sake of data integrity during the course of data transfer. To make things worse there are a lot of vendors in the market who provide and produce great number
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Kyoto Protocol What is it? The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change‚ which commits its Parties by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets. When was it first announced? The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto‚ Japan‚ on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. The detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol were adopted at COP 7 in Marrakesh‚ Morocco‚ in 2001‚ and are referred
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Kyoto Protocol 1) Why did the Kyoto protocol take so long to be put into practice? The Kyoto protocol took so long due to the fact that some countries did not sign the “treaty” and other countries were getting more nervous because it isn’t that easy to sign the order of the Kyoto Protocol because that would lead to large economic changes for every country which signed. 2) What was the target for a reduction in greenhouse emissions? The target for the reduction in greenhouse emissions of greenhouse
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The Internet Protocol (IP) is the principal communications protocol used for relaying datagrams (packets) across an internet work using the Internet Protocol Suite. Responsible for routing packets across network boundaries‚ it is the primary protocol that establishes the Internet. • An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label that is assigned to any device participating in a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication between its nodes. • Internet
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