THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MOLECULES I. MACROMOLECULES-large molecules that are composed of smaller molecules and atoms that are bonded together. These are among the largest of all chemical molecules. A. Polymers-the largest of the macromolecules. These are composed of numerous‚ small identical subunits known as Monomers. There are 4 major polymers that are important for living organisms. These polymers are; carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins and nucleic acids. B. Polymers
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experiment‚ synthesis of copper compounds‚ the purpose was to recover the original amount of copper after series of chemical reactions. Then returning the copper back to its original form. The copper wire originally weighted 1.0099 g‚ but after the copper was transformed into Cu(OH)2 to CuO to CuSO4 and finally into Cu‚ the mass of the recovered copper was 1.1023g; the percent yield was 109%. Since the percent yield is more than 100%‚ an error must have occurred somewhere in the lab. A possible error
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mL of unknown #12. The flask was then covered and had a hole poked through the foil. Next‚ it was placed into boiling water. After the liquid was fully evaporated it was taken out‚ wiped dry and‚ allowed to cool. Then the mass was measured. Then the lab station was cleaned and the waste properly disposed of.
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The experiment did not contain any form of reaction mechanism since no chemical identity had been changed. The lab demonstrates the use of chemical molecular behavior to isolate a particular set of molecules. Caffeine had already existed in the leaf itself but needed to be separated from the other chemicals. Caffeine’s chemical structure is relatively similar to the nucleic acid purine in that they use nitrogen and is bicyclic but lacks an alkene‚ amine and an amide. Caffeine has a solubility of
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Organic Lab 2 February 14‚ 2009 Experiment 4: Borohydride Reduction of 2-Methylcyclohexanone Introduction: When learning about reduction reactions‚ we know that the addition of nucleophilic hydride anion (H-) to the carbonyl group will in turn result in the reduction of aldehydes to primary alcohols. Borohydride‚ and Lithuim aluminum hydride are commonly used as reducing agents. We can note that both of these reagents have a (H-) anion‚ hence it will be a powerful base and also take the
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Trends in the Periodic table March 24‚ 2013 Four trends that will be covered: Atomic size Ionization Energy Electronegativity Electron Affinity Each of these has a group trend and a period trend A group trend refers to what is happening with the atom as you travel up or down a column of the periodic table. A period trend refers to what is happening with the atom as you move left or right across a row of the periodic table Atomic Size When discussing an atom’s size‚ usually the
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|Zn |Mg |Cu |Pb | | |(+) clear liquid but the |(+) a black spot appeared on|(-) no reaction occurred |(-) no reaction | |Pb(NO3)2 |Zinc itself turned glittery |the sliver of magnesium. | | | | |(+) the liquid looks |(+)
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For this lab‚ 40.2 mL of canola oil were used as the initial volume for the production of synthesized biodiesel. Through the synthesis process‚ 31.307 grams of canola biodiesel was produced‚ which is a percentage yield of 85.714%. In order to get this percentage yield‚ the following calculations were made: 40.2 mL canola oil × 0.9073 g1 mL=36.5 g × 1 mol376.6 g=0.0416 moles canola oil From the prelab‚ for every 1 mole of oil‚ 3 moles of biodiesel are produced. 0.0416 mol oil × 3 mol biodiesel1
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4 Strong Acid and Weak Base Lab PURPOSE: To find the molarity of an unknown acidic acid. MATERIALS: 1. 250 mL beaker 2. 10 mL graduated cylinder 3. 50 mL beaker 4. Funnel 5. 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask 6. 50 mL buret 7. Ring stand 8. Strong acid 9. Weak base 10. Phenolphthalein 11. De-ionized water. PROCEDURES: 1. Fill the buret with a weak base and place it in the ring stand. 2. Fill the 50 mL beaker with 30 mL of a strong acid. 3. Fill
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|Chapter 5: | |Structure and Preparation of Alkenes. | |Elimination Reactions | Summary Alkenes contain the C=C functional group which can be prepared by 1‚2-elimination reactions such as: • dehydration of alcohols (- H2O) or • dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides (- HX). Zaitsev’s rule indicates that the preferred product is the more highly substituted
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