Chapter 2.0 Cell Structure and Functions Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell Cell are grouped into tissue Cell as a unit of life Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Structure and functions: cell membrane Microscopic and structures of organelles plant and animal cell Cell prokaryotic theory eukaryotic Plasma membrane Organeles - Nucleus - mitochondria Plant cell Animal cell - ruogh and smooth endoplasmic reticulum -Golgi body --ribosome --lysosome compare --chloroplast --centriole animal plant
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us one good reason why the cytoskeleton is not the most important organelle….. that’s what I thought. WHat do these 3 parts do? Microtubules- are hollow tubes made of the protein called tubulin. This tubulin contains two different sub-units. The microtube holds all organelles in place so without this the organelles will collide with each other or float around randomly. The microtubules also act as tracks for the organelles to move. Microfilaments- are long threads of the protein actin which
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Phagocytosis‚ Pinocytosis‚ and microvilli CYTOPLASM Collective term for cytosol and organelles contained within Colloidal suspension Cytosol mainly composed of water with free-floating molecules Viscosity constantly changes “Cytoplasm is like egg whites It’s very fluid and jelly —like Parts in the cytoplasm — organelles Are like baby organs inside of a cell” ORGANELLES Numerous membranous compartments ◦ Compartmentalized = doesn’t interfere with others
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Organelle | Found In | Structure | Function | Cell Membrane (plasma membrane) | Both | A phospholipid bilayer that contains proteins. Lipids face each other while the phosphates face away from each other. Most proteins stay with the outer layer of phospholipids. | Protective barrier. Transports required materials and wastes in and out of the cell. Cell communication. | Nucleus | Both | Dense sphere inside the cell. Surrounded by a nuclear envelope with nuclear pores that allow for material transportation
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Biology 12 - The Cell Part A: In ONE sentence‚ in the space provided‚ describe the function of the following organelles. Use point form. Use your own words. Paraphrase and condense the textbook definitions. DO NOT copy any definition or part of a definition. In the box to the left of each definition‚ make a sketch of the organelle. |SEE NOTES |1. cell membrane: control what goes in and out of cell‚ forms barrier with outside environment |
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source of energy‚ produced by an organelle called the mitochondria. An organelle is basically a cell within a cell that performs a specialized function. These organelles produce chemical energy‚ but also are a major factor in understanding the evolution of eukaryotic cells. Although there are many differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells in size‚ complexity‚ and internal components; there is a similarity between prokaryotic cells and the organelles of eukaryotic cells. The complex
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that prokaryotic cells are simple‚ small‚ and mostly unicellular whereas eukaryotic cells are more complex‚ big‚ and generally multi-cellular. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane enclosed nucleus and many small organelles in its cytoplasm while prokaryotic cells lack membrane enclosed organelles of specialized form and function and a nucleus. Furthermore in a prokaryotic cell‚ DNA is not separated by a membrane bound nucleus; instead the DNA is concentrated in a region called the nucleoid. Another difference
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membrane encased organelles‚ which means the DNA in prokaryotes is not bound with a nucleus. In the eukaryotes‚ DNA is organized into chromosomes‚ which is surrounded by a membrane. According to Dr Lynn Margulis (2005)‚ she states that the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts which are organelles of eukaryotic cells. This means that the mitochondria and chloroplasts were prokaryotic cells‚ which entered the eukaryotic cells and co-existed through endosymbiosis. There are many organelles inside a eukaryote
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of bacteria (both in their size and their having a circular form). * DNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic estimates suggest that nuclear DNA contains genes that probably came from plastids. * These organelles’ ribosomes are like those found in bacteria (70S). * Proteins of organelle origin‚ like those of bacteria‚ use N-formylmethionine as the initiating amino acid. * Much of the internal structure and biochemistry of plastids‚ for instance the presence of thylakoids and particular chlorophylls
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Bacterial cells are Prokaryotic cells. These cells have several internal structures and surface structures. The cell walls are of two types‚ gram positive and gram negative. Out of all the structures‚ the two selected structures are the cell- wall and endospores. The cell- wall of bacterial cells is found in three distinct shapes such as spherical‚ spiral and rod shaped. The cell wall of the bacterial cells is composed of the proteins and polysaccharides. This is collectively called peptidoglycan
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