Background Information Bacteria are prokaryotes under the kingdom Monera. This means they have no true nucleus. Most bacteria also lack internal organelles. Most bacteria is beneficiary while a fraction are pathogens. Pathogens cause human and animal disease. However‚ they can also produce antibiotics. Beneficial bacteria can do various tasks from producing yogurt to decomposing dead organic matter. Most bacteria are one in three shapes. The first one is coccus which is spherical.
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separates 2 nuclei & cell contents into 2 daughter cells. Interphase -Interphase = largest stage of cell cycle. Growth and Preparation -During 1st phase of interphase‚ cell increases in size & makes proteins necessary for cell to function. -Some organelles begin to dispute. Replication -Replication‚ cell copies the 3 billion base pairs of DNA info in nucleus of cell. - Then cell temporarily has 2 complete sets of DNA. -Enzymes control (above) process. -To replicate itself‚ DNA molecule unwinds
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Biochemistry- The Basics An Atom is the basic unit of a chemical element ( smallest unit for measuring chemical & physical properties) Smallest particle of an element is an atom A Particle is a small portion of matter Matter is composed of elements___ Matter makes up everything in the universe. An Element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. ex. carbon‚ hydrogen‚ etc A molecule is a group of atoms bounded together ex O2 A chemical compound
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SURFIN’ THROUGH STAAR Session 2: Cellular Processes Background Information: Cell Transport When molecules move from a high to low concentration it is called moving DOWN the concentration gradient. When molecules move from a low to high concentration it is called moving AGAINST the concentration gradient. When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system‚ the system is at EQUILIBRIUM. What kind of transport DOES NOT require energy? PASSIVE What kind of transport requires
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modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum. D) The Golgi apparatus serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory. Points Earned: 0.5/0.5 Correct Answer(s): A 6. Intermediate filaments A) guide the movements of organelles. B) support the inner mitochondrial membrane. C) surround the nucleus. D) guide the movements of chromosomes. Points Earned: 0.5/0.5 Correct Answer(s): C 7. Decreased fertility in men from developed countries may be related to
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are generally quite large. | A plant cell is bounded by a cell wall and the living portion of the cell is within the walls and is divided into two portions: the nucleus‚ or central control center; and the cytoplasm‚ a fluid in which membrane bound organelles are found. Between the primary cell walls of adjacent plant cells‚ lies a pectic middle lamella. There can be a secondary cell wall which would be located just to the inside of the primary wall. Both walls consist mainly of cellulose‚ but the secondary
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Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are food producers of the cell and they make the plant green. They are organelles found in plant cells and animal cells do not have chloroplasts. Also‚ they have a eukaryotic alga that conducts photosynthesis. In a plant cell there can be anywhere from 10 to 100 chloroplasts in one cell. They are approximately 4 to 6 cm in diameter and shaped like a satellite dish with the concave face forward toward the light. Also‚ they are similar to mitochondria but mitochondria works
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membrane? Definition small‚ non-polar molecule Term In facilitated diffusion‚ ________. Definition a molecule is moved with its concentration gradient with the assistance of a protein carrier molecule‚ and no energy is required Term What organelle synthesizes most of the ATP used by cells? Definition mitochondria Term Where is the genetic code stored? Definition nucleus Term When molecules are passively transported across a membrane‚ the direction of their movement is dictated by the
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permits the entrance of substances throughout the cell. CYTOPLASM -Serves as the reservoir of the organelles as it contain all the lifesustaining components. It is a jellylike structure. NUCLEUS -Usually located at the center and known as the control center of the cell. It regulates and coordinates all the activities of the cell. C. Organelles in the Cytoplasm ORGANELLES STRUCTURE Membrane Components Module 8 A. 1. smooth endoplasmic reticulum – usually the site for
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Apicomplexa is a phylum made up almost entirely of parasites. Apicomplexans are distinguished by their unique method of entering host cells. Apicomplexans are a monophyletic group composed entirely of parasitic species. This species is the best known and probably the largest of parasitic protists. There are about 4‚000 known species‚ but this is certainly just an understatement of the actual number. Of the described species seven genera infect humans; these include the following: Plasmodium‚ Babesia
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