Organizational Effectiveness Paper CJA/474 May 11‚ 2015 Organizational Effectiveness Paper Introduction Organizations are social units that are deliberately formed in order to reach specific goals. These social groups include schools‚ business corporations‚ military units‚ and police departments. Organizations are characterized by their goals‚ authority‚ communication responsibilities‚ their set of rules and norms and the presence of one or more authority members that control the organization
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differences and similarities as well as give descriptive detail of their actual experiments and see if any contribution was provided to mankind. It will focus on the theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning which occurs through interaction with the environment. As this was done by experimenting with animals‚ it is also necessary to consider the rules and restrictions that are needed to be kept in mind as research ethics applies to any experiments
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to feed the dogs. Pavlov noticed that the dogs were beginning to salivate at the sound of the bell before the meat was introduced to them. Unintentionally‚ Pavlov discovered how we obtain learned reflexes. This phenomenon is known as classical conditioning. Pavlov’s dogs were conditioned to evoke a response (salivating) when the bell rang. Because the toll of the bell was repeatedly followed with meat‚ the dogs learned to salivate at this sound even before any meat was introduced. In this scenario
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The values-learned perspective states that police officers learn their ethical or unethical behavior through indoctrination into the law enforcement organization they are a part of. The indoctrination into the subculture molds and shapes the behavior of new officers and as they learn to behave like their colleagues‚ what is expected of them in order to be included becomes their moral standard. One example of this from the audio recording is the officers who worked with Adrian Schoolcraft. These officers
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Development There are many theories that now influence current practice in different ways. Here I am going to explain the following theories of development: * Cognitive * Psychoanalytical * Humanist * Social Learning * Operant Conditioning * Behaviourist * Social pedagogy Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) Piaget focuses on cognitive development; he was all about the child centred approach‚ he believed children are active learners and make sense of the world through their
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Describe and evaluate the Behaviourist Approach The basic assumption of the behaviourist approach is that all behaviour is learned through experiences a person has in their environment. From this we know that behaviourists are on the side of nature in the “nature vs. nurture” debate. In comparison bio psychologists will be firmly on the side of nurture. There is also the argument between behaviourists to whether behaviour is learnt better through positive or negative reinforcement. Positive
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CYP Core 3.1: 2.3 Explain how theories of development and framework to support development influence current practices. There have been many theories on how children develop and learn‚ some of the theorists who influence the educators of today on how to best teach children. Jean Piaget Cognitive Piaget studied the thinking and logic of children and he believed that children had different logic to adults. Piaget started his theory by observing and studying his own children and concluded
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Pavlov (1849 - 1936) discovered that once dogs had learned to associate the ringing of the bell with receiving food‚ they could be conditioned to salivate when they heard a bell‚ regardless of the presence of food. This became known as Classical Conditioning. Joseph Wolpe (1915-1997) developed systematic desensitisation‚ and his approach was to work with a patient to build a hierarchy of anxiety-inducing situations. A relaxation technique would be learned for each stage of the hierarchy‚ starting with
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(long quotation) He thought that the majority of response by humans do not result from obvious stimuli. The notion of reinforcement had been introduced by Thorndike‚ and Skinner developed this idea much further. Skinner’s system is based on operant conditioning. The organism‚ while going about it’s everyday activities‚ is in the process of “operating” on the environment. In the course of its activities‚ the organism encounters a special kind of stimulus‚ called a reinforcing stimulus‚ or simply
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The social learning theory is based on operant conditioning which suggests that children learn to be aggressive by observing the behaviour of those around them‚ particularly the behaviour of significant others‚ such as parents or elder siblings. By seeing others being rewarded or punished for their behaviour‚ the child experiences vicarious reinforcement. From these models‚ children therefore learn about the nature of aggressive behaviour‚ the situations it is appropriate and its likely consequences
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