Based on Freud’s theory (psychoanalytic) human functioning 1. The structure of the mind and the distinct functions of Personality The Freud’s structural theory (Freud‚ 1923‚ 1926) dispenses with the concepts of a fixed id‚ ego and superego‚ and point out unconscious and conscious conflict among wishes:dependent‚Controlling‚Sexual‚Aggressive‚guilt‚shame‚emotions (especially anxiety and depressive affect)‚ And defensive operations that shut off from consciousness some aspect of the others. Id‚
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CYP 3.1 2.3. Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice Social Learning theory The man behind the theory was Albert Bandura he believed that‚ There are many avenues to learning‚ but one of the most direct‚ is simple observation. children learn best by example‚ whether it’s a toddler imitating their mother talking on the phone or a high schooler picking up new slang words from his friends. Social learning theory holds that people learn
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their fear of an object or situation to something bad they have experienced. For instance‚ if someone is scared of needles‚ it may have been because they had a bad experience with it as a child‚ thus causing a phobia. This I known as classical conditioning – learning by association; learn to associate a certain response with a certain stimulus. However‚ even behaviourists do take into account that some behaviour are not learnt‚ but are instinctive instead. This is called unconditioned response
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Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory - modified view of Freud’s theories‚ Erik Erikson (1902-1994) Rather than focusing on biological influences of personality‚ Erikson emphasized societal factors. - Society shapes the development of the ego or self. (Each society has unique qualities that influence personality.) - Ego development continues throughout life (unlike what Freud believed). - "Crisis" exists at each developmental stage‚ according to a maturational timetable‚ and
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Watson‚ stating that psychology needed to focus on observable phenomena in order to be considered a science‚ and “turn its back on all private data”. Skinner (1938) expanded behaviourism to distinguish respondent conditioning‚ the Pavlovian stimulus-response based‚ and operant conditioning‚ which focused on Thorndike’s favourable reoccurrence.
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depression Client centered therapy: an approach developed by Carl Rogers that reflects the belief that the client and therapist are partners in therapy Conditioning: a type of learning that involves stimulus response connections in which the response is conditional to the stimulus Central nervous system: Spinal cord and the brain Classical conditioning: a learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus Collective unconscious: the part of the mind
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Chelsea Delos Santos Homework 1 (20 pts.) Part I (6 pts.) Experiments: Identifying Variables and Groups In each of the examples‚ identify the independent variable and dependent variable as well as which participants make up the experimental group and which make up the control group. Remember: Independent Variable = What the investigator manipulates; the particular treatment or condition
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A2 Psychology: Unit 4 Schizophrenia: Behavioural explanations Schizophrenia: Behavioural explanations (part of the psychological explanations) Any behavioural explanation of schizophrenia has to incorporate fundamentals of conditioning (classical and operant) and/or social learning theory. Is it possible to make sense of the many and varied symptoms of this disorder within that behavioural framework? Basic Behavioural approach to explaining schizophrenia The behavioural explanation
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Key: C 2.0/ 2.0 Points Which of the following is a sign of groupthink A.An illusion of vulnerability B.An illusion of anonymity C.Unbiased information seeking D.Self-censorship Answer Key: D 2.0/ 2.0 Points In Pavlov’s studies of classical conditioning in dogs‚ the food dish was the _______________. A.Conditioned stimulus B.Unconditioned stimulus C.Conditioned response D.Unconditioned response Answer Key: A 2.0/ 2.0 Points What is the difference between punishment and negative reinforcement
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tiny warning label that states: smoking can cause lung cancer‚ heart disease‚ emphysema‚ and may complicate pregnancy. The first example about getting my friend to have a party relates to the operant conditioning model. This model was first formed by B.F. Skinner in the early 1930’s. Operant conditioning is usually done in a three step process. The first step is to identify a specific goal that will lead to a specific result. Secondly‚ the person must choose to use positive reinforcement‚ punishment
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