philosophers of epistemology are rationalist Rene Descartes and empiricist David Hume. Rationalism is the idea that reason and logic are the foundation of knowledge. It states that awareness is instinctive‚ and that it cannot come from sources such as the senses. Rationalists theorize that people are all born with the foundations
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Hume believes the root of morality is emotion. He believes emotions‚ or passions‚ as he calls them‚ are the driving force behind our actions. Hume believes that how we feel about things determines what we determine is moral or immoral. There is no logical reason for keeping one’s promises if there is no benefit to you. However
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To discuss the argument of Hume on miracles‚ Mackie says we must first develop definitions of laws and miracles that does not automatically mean that the concept of a miracle is incoherent or is logically impossible the miracle occurs. ~ Mackie notes that if we define a miracle as a violation of a law of nature and set a law to be a pattern of how the world works‚ then it is impossible that the miracle occurs. These definitions imply that the bill violated the miracle was not really a law‚ because
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David Hume and John Locke were both well known radical empiricists of their time. They were more radical because not only did believe in empiricism‚ but they strongly disagreed with innatism. Locke even went as far as to spend his entire book I in his “ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING” attacking innatism. They not only believe that all ideas derive from experience but they strongly oppose innatism. Descartes believed in innatism‚ that we are born with ideas and knowledge in our minds already
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characteristics in question form a personality‚ which a person merely possesses as a holding‚ a constitutive of personal consciousness. On this view‚ a person can change their personality without having their identity annihilated in the strict sense implied by Hume‚ because one’s personality as well as the personality traits is constitutive of personal identity. Based on how this idea has been refined in recent paragraphs‚ I propose we rename it personality as a constitutive of personal identity or personality
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Morality is important for the functioning of a healthy society. David Hume would not dispute this point. It helps people control behavior that is destructive to individual and the society as whole‚ bring stability and peace. Adversely‚ during times of conflict‚ moral authority is often claimed‚ inciting a greater wish to obliterate he “evil” enemies. Claims of moral right are bandied about indiscriminately by people of all cultures and walks in life‚ and‚ often‚ many of these views on morality contradict
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believe with a confidence (though the confidence is not ‘Justifiable”)‚ that we know something beyond the criteria of our experience which is the problem of induction‚ which is also the problem of explicating the very concept of inductive evidence. Hume argued that conditions are based upon experience and they are always subject to change. And linking the fact to the science behind the secret nature of body which is learned from the past experience‚ changes subsequently without change in their sensible
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In Hume part 3 of the Treatise of Human Nature‚ it starts with going to explain the direct passions that arise from pleasure or pain. Hume explains that motives bring us to action. He then talks about direct passions and perfunctory definition of the will as an impression we feel then he looks at the problem of free will and determinism. In the first section‚ he makes an argument for the idea of necessity. The problem is whether human action is determined by necessity with physical necessity
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about making moral decisions‚ should one employ reason‚ sentiment‚ or both? David Hume‚ a recognized empiricist and skeptic‚ would argue we need to utilize both. When describing morality‚ Hume says that “If any material circumstance be yet unknown or doubtful‚ we must first employ our inquirer intellectual faculties to assure us of it; and must suspend for a time all moral decision or sentiment” (135). In other words‚ Hume is saying that before one makes a judgment of morality‚ one must temporarily
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David Hume insightful work‚ titled An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding‚ delves into the topic of belief VS fiction. According to Hume‚ belief can be described as “matters of fact derived from objects‚ memories‚ or customary conjunctions” (Hume 30). However‚ fiction can be described as judgments based on the imagination (Hume 32). Belief is based on impressions and past experiences. Fiction is a concoction of various factors that someone has yet to experience; therefore‚ it can be described
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