reactivity property.One property of carboxylic acids is that theyare acidic. Because of these‚ carboxylic acids aremostly made to react with bases such as NaOH toyield a water soluble metal carboxylates.Carboxylic acids and their derivatives reactwith nucleophiles which yields a formation of alcohol. The initially formed intermediate productexpels one of its substituents which is originallybonded to the carbonyl carbon forming a newcarbonyl compound. The reaction is callednucleophilic acyl substitution reaction
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Chapter 18 Ethers & Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides Assigned Reading from McMurry: Read Sections 18.1 through 18.9; not responsible for “Focus on … Epoxy Resins & Adhesives‚ pp. 697-698). Recommended Problems from McMurry: 18.1a-e;18.18.2;18.3a-d; 18.4; 18.5a-d; 18.6a-b; 18.7a-b; 18.8; 18.9; 18.10; 18.11; 18.12a‚b; 18.13a‚b; 18.14a-c; 18.16a-f; 18.17; 18.18; 18.19a-c; 18.20; 18.21; 18.22; 18.23a-e; 18.24a-I; 18.25a-f; 18.26a-d; 18.27; 18.28; 18.29ad; 18.30a-e; 18.31; 18.32; 18.33; 18.34; 18
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* Introduction to Organic Chemistry Understand the basis of drawing organic structures Depicting 3-D structures in 2-D Most organic compounds have a three-dimensional structure. How do we represent structures on our two-dimensional page? For example‚ methane is a tetrahedral molecule: Bonds in the plane of the paper: Bonds coming towards the observer: (out of the page) Bonds going away
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CARBOXYLIC ACID Introduction: Organic compounds containing (–C(O)–OH) as a functional group are called carboxylic acids. The –C (O)-OH group which itself is made up of a carbonyl group (>C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) is called a carboxyl group (carb from carbonyl and oxyl from hydroxyl group). Carboxylic acid may be an aliphatic or an aromatic depending upon whether –C–OH is attached to an alkyl group ( or a hydrogen atom) or an aryl group. Their general formulas are; ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID:
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Experiment 15 & 16: Preparation of 1-bromobutane‚ an SN2 reaction Preparation of 2-chloro-2-methylbutane‚ an SN1 reaction Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing‚ simple distillation‚ separation‚ and drying. To begin‚ in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved
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Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides 1. Summary of Experiment In this experiment we will be comparing the both SN1 and SN2 reactions using various compounds and sodium iodide and silver nitrate. We will be comparing the nature of the leaving group (Cl vs Br) in the 1-halobutanes as well as the effect of the structure
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the product. The reactant and product are in equilibrium. The reaction was pushed forward by an excess of acid. The acetic acid contained an electrophilic carbonyl. The isopentyl alcohol acted as the nucleophile. The electrophilic compound attacked the nucleophile and produced both an ester and water. The sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst for this reaction. Experimental Acetic acid‚ concentrated sulfuric acid‚ and isopentyl alcohol were combined and refluxed for one hour
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Synthesis and Isolation of Expectorant Guaifenesin By: Ben DuBose Dr. Cossey 3361L Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and synthesize Guaifenesin. Isolation was performed with the use of two Guai-Aid Tablets‚ each of which contained 400mg of pure Guaifenesin. Reflux‚ a technique used to heat a mixture without evaporating the solution‚ was used to synthesize Guaifenesin through a Williamson Ether Synthesis reaction with an SN2 mechanism. Introduction
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chiral center? Mark its chiral center on the structure with an asterisk. 8. Give the IUPAC names for the following compounds: (b) ClCH2CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3 (c) CH3CH2CH=CBrCH2CH3 would attract electrophile or nucleophile? Give examples of (i) nucleophiles and (ii) electrophiles. 10. Classify the reactions below: (a) CH3CH2CH=CHCH3 + Br2 CH3CH2CHBrCHBrCH3 (b) CH3CH(OH)CH3 + KOH(alc.) CH3CH=CH2 + KBr + H2O (c) CH3CH2CH2OH + KMnO4 CH3CH2COOH (d) CH3CH2CHBrCH3
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bromide. The nucleophile in the experiment is bromide ion (Br-) while the leaving group is water. [pic] Purification of the product was then obtained by extraction. The principle of extraction as a purification method was based on the difference in solubility between impurities and product. Identify of the product (1-bromobutane) can be confirmed by carrying out sodium iodide in acetone test. The test involves displacement of bromide by iodide. Since iodide is strong nucleophile which can displace
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