CHEM 2325 Organic Chemistry II Handout #1A – Alcohols 1) What type of orbital do the lone pair electrons on oxygen occupy in ethanol? A) σ B) π C) p D) sp E) sp3 2) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction below. 3) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction below. 4) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction below. 5) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the reaction
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reaction is carried out in two steps. First the Wittig salt is obtained through a simple nucleophilic displacement of chloride ion by triphenylphosphine. When treated with base‚ the Wittig salt forms a ylide which is a carbanion that acts as a nucleophile and adds to the carbonyl group. In this experiment‚ cinnamaldehyde is used as the carbonyl compound and yields mainly the trans‚ trans-1‚4-diphenyl-1‚3-butadiene. Purification was done via crystallization. Characterization was analyzed through TLC
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with the highest dipole moment is: ( 1 mark ) (a) CH3Cl (b) CH2Cl2 (c) CHCl3 (d) CCl4 (Q.9) What is added to chloroform to prevent to form phosgene gas: ( 1 mark ) (a) CH3COCH3 (b) C2H5OH (c) CH3COOH (d) CH3OH (Q.10) The most reactive nucleophile among the following is: ( 1 mark ) (a) CH3O- (b) C6H5O- (c) (CH3)2CHO- (d) (CH3)3CO- (Q.11) The correct order of decreasing dipole moment is: ( 1 mark ) (a) CH3Cl‚ CH3Br‚ CH3F (b) CH3Cl‚ CH3F‚ CH3Br (c) CH3Br‚ CH3Cl‚ CH3F (d) CH3Br‚ CH3F
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Introduction The purpose of this lab is to synthesize Lidocaine from 2‚6-dimethylaniline‚ using diethyl amine‚ 2-chloroacetyl chloride‚ acetic acid‚ and toluene. The Lidocaine was made by adding 2‚6-dimethylaniline to 2-chloroacetyl chloride in acetic acid. Sodium acetate is added in order to make the compound soluble. The product is dried‚ then treated with diethyl amine and toluene. This is refluxed using a water-cooled reflux condenser. The vapor is condensed by the cold water as the compound
Free Solvent Acetic acid Ethanol
hydrobromic acid and hydrogen peroxide as shown in Figure 2. 2 HBr + H2O2 ( Br2 + 2 H2O Figure 2: The formation of bromine from the reaction of hydrobromic acid and hydrogen peroxide The alkene‚ trans-stilbene‚ acts as a nucleophile and the bromine acts as an electrophile. The Br–Br bond becomes polarized and the more positively charged Br atom is transferred to the alkene to yield a bromonium ion and a bromonium anion. The bromonium anion attacks a carbon atom to open the
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Introduction The synthesis of acetaminophen involves the attraction of the electrophilic carbonyl group of acetic anhydride to the nucleophilic NH2 of the p-aminophenol. This occurs because the NH2 group is a better nucleophile than the OH group attached on the opposite side of the p-aminophenol. A new nitrogen-carbon bond is formed‚ producing acetaminophen with acetic acid as a byproduct. During the synthesis of acetaminophen‚ it is necessary to dissolve all solid material
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CH3COCH3 + 2[H] ( CH3CH(OH)CH3 Other points to note about this reaction are: • It is an addition reaction (there is only one product) • The mechanism is called nucleophilic addition • The nucleophile is H- which is provided by NaBH4 [pic] b) Comparison with hydrogen gas NaBH4 will reduce C=O double bonds but it will not reduce C=C double bonds e.g. CH2=CH-CHO + 2[H] ( CH2=CH-CH2OH To reduce both C=O
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conversion of 1-butanol to 1-bromobutane relies on sulfuric acid which plays two important roles. First‚ it protonates the alcohol of 1-butanol to form an oxonium ion which is a good leaving group. Secondly‚ it produces the hydrobromic acid‚ the nucleophile‚ which attacks 1-butanol causing the oxonium ion to leave and forming 1-bromobutane. However‚ using sulfuric acid in this experiment has several downsides. First‚ it poses a huge safety hazard as it can cause severe burns. Secondly‚ it reacts exothermically
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1 in vapour state sulphur partly exists as S2 molecule which has 2 unpaired electrons in the antibondind pi orbitals jus lyk oxygen and thus exhibits paramagnetism. 2 An interhalogen compound is a molecule whose atom contains two or more different halogen atoms (fluorine‚ chlorine‚ bromine‚ iodine or astatine). Most interhalogen compounds known are binary (composed of only two distinct elements). Their formulas are generally XYn‚ where n = 1‚ 3‚ 5 or 7‚ and X is the less electronegative
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The Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol Abstract: Grignard synthesis of triphenylmethanol was achieved by use of the Grignard reagent phenyl magesium brominde. The organometallic grignard reagent was synthesized by use of a reflux apparatus recrystallization techniques. Once synthesized it was used in a Grignard reaction that involved nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl in order to make triphenylmethanol. The final product was solidified and recrystallized and spectral data was
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